Author Sample Cystic fibrosis Controls matching Food used to deliver marker PERT before testing Follow-up time NOS Conclusion Diagnosis DM Mean BMI Pancreatic insufficiency Pulmonary function Medications Capsule methods Hedsund et al. [14 ] 26 (10/16) All had severe classes I–III mutations (7 were ΔF508 homozygote) 0 (0%) 22 All cases (confirmed by fecal elastase) NA GI medication, antibiotics, and probiotics held >72 h Unmatched MTS-1 Capsule fasting NA Held 7 h max 3/6 No difference (CF slower, but Gelfond et al. [15 ] 20 (10/10) Sweat Cl > 60 mmol/L or 2 0 (0%) 22.9 All cases (confirmed by fecal elastase, coefficient of fat absorption or serum trypsinogen) FEV1 > 25% predicted Antiacids and antibiotics held >1 week Age, sex, BMI Smartpill with low fat meal bar Solid Half their usual dose 72 h max 5/6 No difference C-Octanoic breath test Symonds et al. [9 ] 22 (10/12) Sweat Cl > 80 mmol/L or “genotype determination” NA NA All cases (confirmed by coefficient of fat absorption or steatorrhea + microscopic stool fat) NA Not taking any GI motility medication Unmatched Pancake, toast, orange juice, and milk Solid Usual dose 8 h 3/6 No difference Scintigraphy with technetium Carney et al. [21 ] 16 (5/11) NA 0 (0%) NA All cases (confirmed by steatorrhea + high 3-day fecal fat) FEV1 > 50% predicted NA Unmatched Soup and olive oil Liquid Held 14 h prior 2 h 4/7 GE of fat is faster in CF Collins et al. [22 ] 36 (19/17) NA 2 (10.5%) NA All cases (confirmed by high 3-day fecal fat) NA Not taking any GI motility medication >4 days Age, sex Pancake Solid Usual dose 2 h 7/7 GE is faster in CF Couturier et al. [24 ] 101 (48/53) NA NA NA NA Severe pulmonary disease pre transplant NA Unmatched Egg, bread meal, and water Solid NA 2/3 of stomach emptied 5/4 GE is slower in CF ( Kuo et al. [28 ] 11 (5/6) NA 0 (0%) 20.0 All cases (NA) NA NA Unmatched Smashed potatoes Solid Crossover 3 h 4/6 GE is faster in CF ( Mendez et al. [29 ] 88 (10/78) NA NA 20 NA Postlung transplant NA Both CF and controls had lung transplant Egg Solid NA 1.5 h 4/4 Both groups had delayed GE, but CF > controls (44% and 29%, resp.) Rovner et al. [4 ] 28 (16/12) NA 0 (0%) 19.6 All cases (confirmed by a fecal elastase) FEV1 > 50% predicted NA Unmatched Chocolate shake Liquid Standard dose (80,000 lipase U) 6 h 6/9 No difference
