Scientifica / 2016 / Article / Tab 5 / Review Article
Effectiveness of Strengthening Exercises for the Elderly with Low Back Pain to Improve Symptoms and Functions: A Systematic Review Table 5 Outcome measure and time point.
References Outcome measure Statistical tests Time point Vincent et al., 2014 [20 ] Low back pain severity score Numerical rating scale Maximal low back and leg strength Walking endurance and gait speed Chi-square test Univariate analyses of variance 4 months Hicks et al., 2012 [31 ] Numerical rating scale Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) including three-stance balance test, 4-meter gait speed test, and a five-repetition chair-stand test Roland Morris Back Pain Disability Questionnaire Descriptive Statistics Multivariable logistic regression analyses 12 months Vincent et al., 2014 [28 ] Numerical rating scale Modified Oswestry Disability Index (mODI) Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire Psychological assessment: (i) Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, (ii) Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (iii) Pain Catastrophizing Scale Kruskal-Wallis Repeated measures ANOVA 4 months