Solo Sonographically Guided PCNL under Spinal Anesthesia: Defining Predictors of Success
Table 5
Rate of complications including 140 successful and 8 failed cases.
Clavien score for complications
Frequency
Percent
I (deviation from normal course without the need for intervention)
5
3.4%
Fever
6
4.1%
Transient elevation of serum Cr
3
2.0%
II (minor complication requiring intervention)
22
14.9%
Blood transfusion
17
11.5%
Infections requiring additional antibiotics
9
6.1%
IIIa (complications requiring intervention without general anesthesia)
5
3.4%
D-J catheter placement for leak of more than 24 hours
3
2.0%
D-J catheter placement for UPJ or pelvis injury
1
0.7%
Retention and colic due to blood clots
1
0.7%
IIIb (complications requiring intervention with general anesthesia)
6
4.1%
Ureter-bladder stone
3
2.0%
AV fistula
1
0.7%
Perioperative bleeding requiring quitting the Op.
2
1.4%
IV (life-threatening complications requiring IC management)
0
0.0%
V (death)
0
0.0%
Total
38
25.0%
Subcategories whose frequency was null are not presented in the table. Patients were categorized in the highest grade of complication if more than two complications were present.
