Adverse Childhood Experiences among American Indian/Alaska Native Children: The 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health
Table 1
Definitions of parent-reported problem areas: National Survey of Children’s Health 2011-2012.
Indicator
Definition
Provider-diagnosed conditions
These indicators are defined for children aged 2–17 years except for learning disability which was defined for children aged 3–17 years. Questions: Has a doctor or other health care provider ever told you that [child’s name] had [insert disorder]? Does the child currently have [insert disorder]? (responses: 0 = no, 1 = yes) (i) Learning disability (ii) Depression (iii) Anxiety problems (iv) Behavioral or conduct problems (v) Autism, Asperger’s disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, or other autism spectrum disorders (vi) Attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (vii) Any developmental delay (viii) Speech or other language problems
Other parent-reported health conditions (screening questions for all surveyed children)
These indicators are defined for children aged 0–17 years. Questions: (i) Does [child’s name] currently need or use medicine prescribed by a doctor, other than vitamins? (0 = no, 1 = yes) (ii) Does [child’s name] need or use more medical care, mental health, or educational services than is usual for most children of the same age? (iii) Is [child’s name] limited or prevented in any way in [his/her] ability to do the things most children of the same age can do? (iv) Does [child’s name] need or get special therapy, such as physical, occupational, or speech therapy? (v) Does [child’s name] have any kind of emotional, developmental, or behavioral problem for which [he/she] needs treatment or counseling?
Parent-reported child behaviors (0–5 years)
These indicators are defined for children aged 0–5 years. Questions: Do you have any concerns about [child’s name]’s learning, development, or behavior? (0 = a little/not at all, 1 = a lot) Are you concerned a lot, a little, or not at all about how [he/she] (i) Is learning to do things for [himself/herself]? (ages 10 months to 5 years) (ii) Is learning preschool or school skills? (ages 18 months–5 years) (iii) Behaves? (ages 4 months–5 years) (iv) Gets along with others? (ages 4 months–5 years)
Parent-reported child behaviors (6–17 years)
These indicators are defined for children aged 6–17 years. Questions: During the past 12 months, how many times has [child’s name]’s school contacted you or another adult in your household about any problems [he/she] is having with school? (0 = 0 times, 1 = ≥1 time) The following is a list of items that sometimes describe children. For each item, please tell me how often this was true for [child’s name] during the past month. Would you say never, rarely, sometimes, usually, or always true for [child’s name] during the past month? He/she argues too much (0 = never/rarely/sometimes, 1 = usually/always) He/she bullies or is cruel or mean to others (0 = never/rarely/sometimes, 1 = usually/always) He/she is unhappy, sad, or depressed (0 = never/rarely/sometimes, 1 = usually/always) He/she stays calm and in control when faced with a challenge (1 = never/rarely/sometimes, 0 = usually/always) He/she cares about doing well in school (1 = never/rarely/sometimes, 0 = usually/always) Since starting kindergarten, has [he/she] repeated any grades? (0 = no, 1 = yes)
Health care services
These indicators are defined for children aged 0–17 years. Questions (adequate insurance = usually/always for each of the 3 questions): Does [child’s name]’s health insurance offer benefits or cover services that meet [his/her] needs? (0 = never/rarely/sometimes, 1 = usually/always) Does [child’s name]’s health insurance allow [him/her] to see the health care providers [he/she] needs? (0 = never/rarely/sometimes, 1 = usually/always) How often are these costs reasonable? (0 = never/rarely/sometimes, 1 = usually/always) Questions (received needed counseling = yes to both questions): Does [child’s name] have any kind of emotional, developmental, or behavioral problem for which [he/she] needs treatment or counseling? (0 = no, 1 = yes) Mental health professionals include psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, and clinical social workers. During the past 12 months, has [child’s name] received any treatment or counseling from a mental health professional? (0 = no, 1 = yes) Questions (developmental screening = yes to all questions): During the past 12 months, did a doctor or other health care providers have you fill out a questionnaire about specific concerns or observations you may have about [child’s name]’s development, communication, or social behaviors? Did this questionnaire ask about your concerns or observations about How [child’s name] talks or makes speech sounds? (0 = no, 1 = yes, ages 10–23 months) How [child’s name] interacts with you and others? (0 = no, 1 = yes, ages 10–23 months) Words and phrases [child’s name] uses and understands? (0 = no, 1 = yes, ages 24–71 months) How [child’s name] behaves and gets along with you and others? (0 = no, 1 = yes, ages 24–71 months) Questions (developmental concerns = yes to one question): During the past 12 months/since child’s name’s birth, did [child’s name]’s doctors or other health care providers ask if you have concerns about [his/her] learning, development, or behavior? (0 = no, 1 = yes) Questions (child has IFSP or IEP = yes to either question): Does [child’s name] have any developmental problems for which [he/she] has a written intervention plan called an [if age < 36 months, insert: Individualized Family Services Plan or an IFSP?; if age ≥ 36 months, insert: Individualized Education Program or IEP?] Does [child’s name] have a health problem, condition, or disability for which [he/she] has a written intervention plan called an Individualized Education Program or IEP?
