Adverse Childhood Experiences among American Indian/Alaska Native Children: The 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health
Table 3
Unadjusted (crude) and adjusted rates of parent-reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among American Indian/Alaska Native children compared to non-Hispanic white children: National Survey of Children’s Health 2011-2012.
Adverse childhood experiences
Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native
Non-Hispanic White
value for unadjusted prevalence rate difference
Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native
Non-Hispanic White
value for adjusted prevalence rate difference
Unadjusted prevalence
Unadjusted prevalence
Adjusted prevalence
Adjusted prevalence
% (SE)
% (SE)
% (SE)
% (SE)
Child’s family has difficulty getting by on the family’s income, hard to cover basics like food or housing
35.7 (2.99)
22.8 (0.38)
>0.0001
18.3 (3.52)
21.9 (0.62)
0.313
Child lived with parent who got divorced/separated after he/she was born
33.0 (2.85)
21.4 (0.37)
0.0001
20.1 (3.01)
21.2 (0.57)
0.719
Child lived with anyone who had a problem with alcohol or drugs
23.6 (2.65)
11.6 (0.29)
>0.0001
8.1 (2.33)
10.0 (0.46)
0.424
Child lived with parent who served time in jail after he/she was born
18.0 (2.60)
6.0 (0.21)
>0.0001
7.5 (3.64)
5.4 (0.37)
0.569
Child was a victim of violence or witnessed violence in his/her neighborhood
15.9 (2.39)
6.7 (0.21)
0.0001
9.2 (2.69)
5.4 (0.35)
0.162
Child saw parents hit, kick, slap, punch, or beat each other up
15.5 (2.58)
6.3 (0.22)
0.0004
8.6 (2.43)
5.7 (0.38)
0.238
Child lived with anyone who was mentally ill or suicidal or severely depressed for more than a couple of weeks
13.2 (2.26)
9.7 (0.26)
0.124
5.7 (2.10)
8.7 (0.45)
0.162
Child was ever treated or judged unfairly because of his/her race or ethnic group
10.0 (1.45)
1.4 (0.10)
>0.0001
5.2 (2.07)
0.9 (0.14)
0.039
Child lived with parent who died
4.2 (0.73)
2.5 (0.14)
0.022
1.4 (0.59)
2.2 (0.19)
0.197
Number of ACEs among participating children, of 9 asked about
0
35.2 (2.66)
55.7 (0.43)
>0.0001
56.2 (5.11)
58.1 (0.64)
0.711
1
24.5 (2.60)
23.3 (0.38)
0.646
43.8 (5.11)
41.9 (0.64)
0.711
≥2
40.3 (2.87)
21.0 (0.36)
>0.0001
22.0 (4.11)
19.0 (0.57)
0.472
≥3
26.8 (2.72)
11.5 (0.29)
>0.0001
12.9 (2.37)
10.3 (0.48)
0.280
≥4
16.8 (2.55)
6.2 (0.22)
>0.0001
3.6 (1.30)
5.4 (0.38)
0.184
≥5
9.9 (2.18)
3.3 (0.16)
0.003
2.3 (0.97)
2.7 (0.28)
0.689
Probability for comparison of American Indian/Alaska Native compared to non-Hispanic White children unadjusted (crude) ACE prevalence rates based on the test for the comparison of two proportions. Probability for comparison of American Indian/Alaska Native compared to non-Hispanic White children adjusted ACE rates based on the test for the comparison of two proportions. Rates were adjusted for birth weight, prematurity, sex, age, special needs status, poverty, family structure, mother’s age, highest household educational level, type of insurance coverage, medical home access, neighborhood support, region, and metropolitan status.
