The Epidemiology of Sleep Quality, Sleep Patterns, Consumption of Caffeinated Beverages, and Khat Use among Ethiopian College Students
Table 4
Consumption of caffeinated beverages and khat use according to sleep quality.
Exposure
Poor sleep quality **N = 1,055
Good sleep quality **N = 1,175
P value
n (%)
n (%)
Any coffee containing beverages
No
207 (17.7)
229 (21.75)
Yes
965 (82.3)
824 (78.2)
0.015
Type of caffeinated beverage
Spris (coffee mixed with tea)
369 (31.4)
340 (32.2)
0.677
Coffee/Espresso
588 (50.0)
402 (40.9)
<0.001
Diluted coffee †
235 (20.0)
247 (23.4)
0.051
Coke/Pepsi
463 (39.4)
426 (40.4)
0.639
Khat consumption
No
904 (88.1)
847 (90.7)
Yes
122 (11.9)
87 (9.3)
0.065
Khat consumption frequency/week
0
923 (89.9)
865 (92.6)
1-2
53 (5.2)
36 (3.9)
0.106
≥3
50 (4.9)
33 (3.5)
P value from Chi-Square test for categorical variables or from Student’s t-test for continuous variables. †Diluted coffee includes macchiato and cappuccino.
**Numbers may not add up due to missing data for selected variables.
