Research Article
The Relationship between Diabetic Neuropathy and Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Table 1
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
(a) |
| Author | Country |
Type of diabetes |
Age (yrs), mean | BMI (kg/m2), mean | Duration of diabetes (yrs) | % Men | No. of subject | SA definition | Risk group | Referent group | Total | DN (+) | DN (+) | DN (−) | DN (−) | SA (+) | SA (−) | SA (+) | SA (−) |
|
Nomura et al. (2013) [27] | Japan | T2DM | 62.8 | 24.9 | 11.6 | 62 | 261 | 36 | 107 | 28 | 90 | ODI 4% 5 | ODI 4% 5 | ODI 4% < 5 | Tahrani et al. (2012) [26] | UK | T2DM | 58.0 | 32.9 | 10.3 | 58 | 234 | 90 | 23 | 61 | 60 | AHI 5 | AHI 5 | AHI < 5 | Laaban et al. (2009) [23] | France | T2DM | 61.0 | 31.1 | 14.4 | 53 | 303 | 90 | 47 | 101 | 65 | RDI 5 | RDI 5 | RDI < 5 | Takahashi et al. (2003) [24] | Japan | T2DM | 58.0 | 24.4 | ND | 59 | 34 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 5 | AHI 5 | AHI 5 | AHI < 5 | Ficker et al. (1998) [22] | Germany | T1DM 22 | 51.3 | 25.1 | 17.5 | 48 | 22 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 13 | AHI 10 | AHI 10 | AHI < 10 | T2DM 26 | | | | | 26 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 12 | | | |
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(b) |
| Author | Neuropathy definition | Matched age and sex | Matched obesity | Autonomic | Peripheral | Evaluation of diabetic neuropathy |
| Nomura et al. (2013) [27] | No | Yes | DTR, vibration, dysesthesia | Yes | Yes | Tahrani et al. (2012) [26] | No | Yes | MNSI examinations scores, MNSI questionnaire scores | Yes | Yes | Laaban et al. (2009) [23] | No | Yes | Patient's records | No | No | Takahashi et al. (2003) [24] | No | No | Not described | No | No | Ficker et al. (1998) [22] | Yes | No | CV, RMSSD, E-I difference, / ratio, maximum/minimum 30 : 15 ratio | No | No |
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Abbreviations: AHI: apnea hypoxia index; BMI: body mass index; CV: coefficient of variation; DM: diabetes mellitus; DN: diabetic neuropathy, DTR: deep tendon reflexes; MNSI: Michigan neuropathy screening instrument; ODI: oxygen desaturation index; RMSSD: root mean square of successive difference; RDI: respiratory disturbance index; SA: sleep apnea; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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