Clinically Diagnosed Insomnia and Risk of All-Cause and Diagnosis-Specific Disability Pension: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Table 3

Stratified analyses. Insomnia and risk of all-cause incident disability pension (DP), Swedish nationwide cohort study; follow-up, 2006–2010.

In-/outpatient care with diagnoses of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (ICD-10: G 47.0)	No. of participants (%)	Person-years	No. of DPs	Crude IRR; (95% CI)	Adjusted IRR; (95% CI)^a	Adjusted IRR; (95% CI)^b	Adjusted IRR; (95% CI)^c	Adjusted IRR; (95% CI)^d
Subcohort: men
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005; (unexposed)	2,585,422 (99.99)	12,254,479	57,137	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia,; 2000/2001–2005	320 (0.01)	1,428	39	5.59 (4.09–7.64)	1.52 (1.11–2.08)	1.77 (1.29–2.42)	1.56 (1.14–2.13)	1.08 (0.79–1.47)
Subcohort: women
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005; (unexposed)	2,394,829 (99.99)	11,303,591	80,167	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia,; 2000/2001–2005	311 (0.01)	1,316	46	4.76 (3.57–6.35)	1.44 (1.08–1.92)	1.37 (1.02–1.82)	1.21 (0.91–1.62)	0.89 (0.67–1.19)
Subcohort: no insomnia medications
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005; (unexposed)	4,755,427 (99.99)	22,613,214	103,607	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia,; 2000/2001–2005	379 (0.01)	1,723	33	4.10 (2.92–5.74)	1.61 (1.15–2.27)	1.65 (1.17–2.32)	1.51 (1.08–2.13)
Subcohort: insomnia medications ^e
Insomnia in-/outpatient care (G47.0 main/secondary diagnosis)
0 admissions/visits due to insomnia, 2000/2001–2005; (unexposed)	224,824 (99.99)	944,857	33,697	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
At least one admission/visit due to insomnia,; 2000/2001–2005	252 (0.01)	1,022	52	1.40 (1.07–1.84)	0.88 (0.67–1.16)	0.91 (0.70–1.20)	0.84 (0.64–1.10)

aIRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence.
bIRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence, age, sex (i.e., only in subcohorts for insomnia medications), education, and region of residence.
cIRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence, age, sex (i.e., only in subcohorts for insomnia medications), education, region of residence, inpatient care, and specialized outpatient care.
dIRRs adjusted for prior sickness absence, age, sex, education, region of residence, inpatient care, specialized outpatient care, and medications (i.e., antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives).
eAt least one purchase of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives; July–December 2005.