Association between Sleep Disturbances and Leisure Activities in the Elderly: A Comparison between Men and Women

Table 4

The two clusters of activities associated with sleep disturbances, with and without adjustment for confounders.

	Model 1a			Model 1b
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Physical outdoor activities			0.007
None	2.15	0.92–5.01	0.077
One	1.80	0.81–3.96	0.148
Two	1.70	0.80–3.61	0.168
Three	1.06	0.51–2.20	0.881
Four	0.80	0.39–1.65	0.546
Sociointellectual activities			<0.001
None	3.75	1.49–9.43	0.005
One	3.15	1.26–7.88	0.014
Two	1.92	0.76–4.88	0.170
Three	0.69	0.24–2.02	0.497
Gender (women)				3.12	2.16–4.52	<0.001
Age cohorts						0.011
72- and 78-year-olds				0.93	0.60–1.44	0.742
81 years or older				1.68	1.09–2.58	0.018
General health						<0.001
Good				3.36	2.00–5.62	<0.001
Poor/fair				6.97	4.24–11.45	<0.001

Notes: in model 1a physical outdoor activities and sociointellectual activities were entered. The model explained between 8.9% (Cox and Snell 𝑅²) and 13.2% (Nagelkerke 𝑅²), Hosmer and Lemeshow 0.662, chi-square 5.870 (df 8), missing 𝑛=85. Model 1b included physical outdoor activities and sociointellectual activities and was adjusted for gender, age, functional ability, mood, and general health. The model explained between 16.1% (Cox and Snell 𝑅²) and 23.8% (Nagelkerke 𝑅²), Hosmer and Lemeshow 0.497, chi-square 7.377 (df 8), missing 𝑛=111. Significant factors are presented in bold. Only the last step of the regression analyses is shown in the table.