Association between Sleep Disturbances and Leisure Activities in the Elderly: A Comparison between Men and Women

Table 6

Individual leisure activities and gender interactions associated with sleep disturbances, with and without adjusting for confounders.

	Model 3a			Model 3b
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Gardening	1.50	1.04–2.16	0.032
Strolling in the country	1.56	1.07–2.29	0.022
Playing chess/cards	1.61	1.09–2.39	0.017	1.43	0.95–2.17	0.090
Home maintenance	2.26	1.17–4.35	0.015	2.09	1.07–4.07	0.031
Home maintenance × gender	0.44	0.20–0.94	0.033	0.33	0.15–0.75	0.008
Gender (women)	3.63	2.15–6.15	<0.001	4.86	2.75–8.61	<0.001
Age cohorts						0.043
72- and 78-year-olds				0.95	0.61–1.49	0.832
81 years or older				1.56	0.99–2.46	0.056
General health						<0.001
Good				3.40	2.02–5.73	<0.001
Poor/fair				7.50	4.27–11.81	<0.001

Note: in Model 3a gardening, strolling in the country, home maintenance, repair cars/machines, and playing chess/cards were entered together with gender and the interactions gardening × gender, strolling in the country × gender, playing chess/cards × gender, repairing cars/machines × gender, and home maintenance × gender. The model explained between 9.2% (Cox and Snell 𝑅²) and 13.7% (Nagelkerke 𝑅²) of the variance, Hosmer and Lemeshow 0.887, chi-square 2.973, (df 7), missing 𝑛=66. Model 3b included gardening, strolling in the country, home maintenance, repair cars/machines, and playing chess/cards, gender, gardening × gender, strolling in the country × gender, playing chess/cards × gender, repairing cars/machines × gender, and home maintenance × gender and was adjusted for age, functional ability, mood, and general health. The model explained between 16.9% (Cox and Snell 𝑅²) and 24.9% (Nagelkerke 𝑅²) of the variance, Hosmer and Lemeshow 0.716, chi-square 5.386, (df 8), missing = 93. Only the last step of the regression analyses is shown in the table.