The Relationship between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension in a Nationally Representative Sample

Table 3

Association between sleep variables and hypertension, by gender.

Sleep summary score	Sample size; (hypertension %)	Age-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Multivariable-model 2^† odds ratio (95% CI)
Men
0	1441 (27.6)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	1236 (33.7)	1.28 (1.02–1.60)	1.20 (0.96–1.51)
2	493 (38.0)	1.68 (1.35–2.10)	1.40 (1.07–1.85)
≥3	155 (45.5)	2.49 (1.51–4.08)	2.10 (1.24–3.57)
-trend		<0.0001	0.0001
Women
0	1745 (26.8)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	1152 (32.7)	1.41 (1.10–1.81)	1.16 (0.90–1.48)
2	424 (37.8)	1.74 (1.26–2.39)	1.22 (0.86–1.75)
≥3	137 (42.1)	2.36 (1.32–4.24)	1.33 (0.68–2.59)
-trend		<0.0001	0.18

^†Multivariable model: adjusted for age (years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, and others), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker), alcohol intake (absent, present), physical activity (moderate physical activity), body mass index (obese, nonobese), depression (absent, present), diabetes (absent, present), total cholesterol (mg/dL), and C-reactive protein (mg/dL).