The Relationship between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension in a Nationally Representative Sample
Table 4
Association between sleep variables and hypertension, by race/ethnicity.
Sleep summary score
Sample size (hypertension %)
Age, sex adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Multivariable-model l 2† odds ratio (95% CI)
Non-Hispanic whites
0
1590 (28.8)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
1148 (34.6)
1.32 (1.06–1.64)
1.20 (0.96–1.50)
2
448 (38.2)
1.58 (1.25–2.00)
1.24 (0.95–1.62)
≥3
147 (40.2)
2.13 (1.43–3.18)
1.47 (0.92–1.34)
-trend
<0.0001
0.01
Non-Hispanic blacks
0
576 (32.6)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
502 (40.9)
1.53 (1.16–2.01)
1.34 (0.98–1.83)
2
210 (41.4)
1.67 (1.26–2.20)
1.44 (1.06–1.97)
≥3
64 (65.1)
4.42 (2.31–8.46)
3.72 (1.98–7.00)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
Mexican Americans and others
0
1020 (17.9)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
738 (22.8)
1.14 (0.79–1.64)
1.00 (0.72–1.38)
2
259 (34.1)
2.30 (1.38–3.84)
1.80 (1.07–3.04)
≥3
81 (45.5)
2.43 (1.40–4.22)
1.71 (1.01–2.90)
-trend
0.0002
0.01
†Multivariable model: adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker), alcohol intake (absent, present), physical activity (moderate physical activity), body mass index (obese, nonobese), depression (absent, present), diabetes (absent, present), total cholesterol (mg/dL), and C-reactive protein (mg/dL).
