Daytime Sleepiness among Medical Colleges’ Students in Jordan: Impact on Academic Performance

Table 4

Total ESS scores with students’ characteristics. Table 4: represents the statistical analysis of the total ESS scores with students’ characteristics analyzed by the independent samples t-test and ANOVA test.

	Total ESS value score
		The median
	(mean ± SD)	Min-max	p
Sex
Female	7.5 ± 4.5	7.0 (0-24)	0.12
Male	8.0 ± 4.5	8.0 (0-24)
Academic year
1st	7.7 ± 4.4	7.0 (0-22)	<0.05
2nd	8.5 ± 4.4	9.0 (0-23)
3rd	7.8 ± 4.4	7.0 (0-18)
4th	7.1 ± 4.3	7.0 (0-24)
5th	7.7 ± 4.5	8.0 (0-18)
6th	7.1 ± 5.3	7.0 (0-24)
College
Medicine	7.2 ± 4.7	7.0 (0-24)	<0.05
Pharmacy & PharmD	8.6 ± 4.8	8.0 (0-23)
Dentistry	7.9 ± 4.1	8.0 (0-22)
Applied medical science	7.8 ± 4.4	8.0 (0-17)
Nursing	7.6 ± 4.5	7.0 (0-22)
Presence of insomnia
Insomnia	8.3 ± 4.6	8.0 (0-24)	<0.05
No insomnia	5.8 ± 3.8	5.0 (0-18)
Sleep quality
Good	7.0 ± 4.2	6.0 (0-22)	<0.001
Bad	8.8 ± 4.8	9.0 (0-24)
Sleeping hours
>7	7.0 ± 4.3	7.0 (0-23)	<0.05
6-6.9	7.3 ± 4.2	7.0 (0-22)
5-5.9	8.6 ± 4.7	9.0 (0-24)
<5	8.5 ± 4.9	8.0 (0-24)
CGPA
>3.5	7.43 ± 4.6	7.0 (0-24)	0.495
3-3.49	7.97 ± 4.5	8.0 (0-24)
2.5-2.99	7.82 ± 4.4	8.0 (0-24)
<2.5	8.11 ± 5.7	8.0 (0-22)