|
| Form of bending-type actuator | Normalized displacement of the actuator | Electric field |
|
| PMN-PT single-crystal actuators [37] | 38 μm/cm | 0.7 kV/cm |
| 0.65PMN-0.35PT/0.9PMN-0.1PT bulk actuators [4] | 13 μm/cm | 5 kV/cm |
| 0.65PMN-0.35PT/0.9PMN-0.1PT bulk actuators [56] | a few μm/cm | 10 kV/cm |
| PZT bulk actuators [37] | 2.5 μm/cm | 0.7 kV/cm |
| 0.65PMN-0.35PT/Pt thick-film actuators [32] | 55 μm/cm | 3.6 kV/cm |
| PZT thick-film actuators on alumina substrates [57] | 5 μm/cm | 50 kV/cm |
|