Clinical Study
Local Anaesthetic Infiltration and Indwelling Postoperative Wound Catheters for Patients with Hip Fracture Reduce Death Rates and Length of Stay
Table 1
Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, and management.
| | | Control group | Enhanced recovery period |
| | 100 | 434 | | Age mean | 78.5 years | 82.2 years | | (Range) | (45–99) | (44–100) | | Gender | | | | Male | 24 (24.0%) | 108 (24.8%) | | Female | 76 (76.0%) | 326 (75.2%) | | Inpatient confusion | 31 (31.0%) | 177 (40.1%) | | Injury details | | | | Slip/trip | 43 (43.0%) | 191 (44%) | | Collapse | 4 (4.0%) | 25 (5.8%) | | Activity related | 3 (3.0%) | 49 (11.3%) | | Slip on ice | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (1.8%) | | Intoxicated | 1 (1.0%) | 7 (1.6%) | | Fall in hospital | 4 (4.0%) | 9 (2.1%) | | Assaulted | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | | Unknown | 41 (41.0%) | 132 (30.4%) | | Pathological | 3 (3.0%) | 13 (3.0%) | | Fracture type | | | | Intracapsular | 59 (59.0%) | 239 (55.1%) | | Extracapsular | 35 (35.0%) | 133 (30.6%) | | Basicervical | 4 (4.0%) | 42 (9.7%) | | Pertrochanteric | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (3.2%) | | Subtrochanteric | 2 (2.0%) | 5 (1.2%) | | Greater trochanter | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | | Side | | | | Bilateral | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | | Left | 48 (48.0%) | 217 (50%) | | Right | 52 (52.0%) | 216 (49.8%) | | FICB given? | | | | Yes | NA | 326 (75.1%) | | No | NA | 108 (24.9%) | | Procedure | | | | Nonoperative | 2 (2.0%) | 7 (1.6%) | | Cannulated screws | 7 (7.0%) | 20 (4.6%) | | Dynamic hip screw | 26 (26.0%) | 144 (33.2%) | | Intramedullary fixation | 16 (16.0%) | 17 (3.9%) | | Cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty | 2 (2.0%) | 3 (0.7%) | | Cemented Exeter hemiarthroplasty | 11 (11.0%) | 49 (11.3%) | | Cemented Thompson’s hemiarthroplasty | 29 (29.0%) | 183 (42.2%) | | Uncemented Austin Moore hemiarthroplasty | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | | Cemented Austin Moore hemiarthroplasty | 3 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) | | Uncemented THR | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | | Cemented THR | 2 (2.0%) | 15 (3.5%) | | Enhanced recovery | | | | None | 100 (100%) | 28 (6.5%) | | Full ER | NA | 316 (72.8%) | | LIA only | NA | 75 (17.3%) | | CATH only | NA | 15 (3.5%) | | Reasons for partial/no enhanced recovery | | | | Total | NA | 118 (27.2%) | | Renal impairment | NA | 44 (10.1%) | | Catheter pulled out by patient | NA | 6 (1.4%) | | Catheter blocked | NA | 8 (1.8%) | | Femoral nerve block given | NA | 27 (6.2%) | | Reason not documented | NA | 31 (7.1%) | | Previous adverse drug reaction to local anaesthetic | NA | 2 (0.4%) |
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