Evaluation of Spontaneous Pneumothorax Surgeries: A 16-Year Experience in Japan

Figure 3

Schematic of the thoracoscopic endoloop ligation procedure. (a) Thoracoscopic ports placed on the anterior axillary line in the second intercostal space and midaxillary line in the fifth intercostal space. (b) Surgical instruments. (c) External view of the operative procedure images. (d) Thoracoscopic view of the procedure. (e) CT scan images at 2, 11, and 32 months after a successful operation.

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