61 (43 intra-cranial and 18 extracranial vertebral stenosis
12 months
>50%
>50% stenosis at 6 months 32.4% in intracranial 42.9% in extracranial stents
None at 30 days
30 day stroke rate 7.2% 1 year stroke rate 13.1% Diabetes, post procedure >30% stenosis and pretreatment vessel diameter can predict stenosis at 6 months
Wingspan (Humanitarian device exemption) study 2007 [82]
Cumulative probability of ischemic strokes in target artery territory, including any stroke and death within 30 days, was 8.8% at yrs 1-2. Among elective cases no procedure related deaths
Ischemic stroke rate was 4.3 per 100 patient years. 1 patient (2.2%, 1/46) developed minor ischemic stroke in the target-lesion artery territory at 6.7 months, which was related to angiographically verified restenosis
>50% with recurrent symptoms on antithrombotics >70% poststent stenosis decreased from median 85% to 20%
‡No patients treated electively had recurrent symptoms
Major stroke (in-stent thrombosis 2 days after discontinuation of aspirin) in 4 patients in 30 days Minor stroke (reversible dysarthria and paresis of the right leg) in 1 patient at discharge
1377 (714 assigned to best medical care and 663 with medical care+Bypass)
55.8 months
14% conversion from stenosis to occlusion of MCA
7%–10%*
30 day surgical mortality rate 0.6%
Perioperative strokes in medical group 1.3%
Medical therapy+EC-IC Bypass
Postoperative bypass patency rate at median 32 days 96%
Peri-operative mortality rate 1.1%
4.5% in surgical group 30 day major stroke morbidity rate 2.5%
†Primary end points: death, ischemic stroke, major hemorrhage, or death from vascular causes other than stroke. Secondary end points: ischemic stroke or brain hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, Ischemic stroke in territory of stenotic artery, disabling or fatal ischemic stroke, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from vascular causes other than stroke. ‡Except in one case where 66% residual stenosis was left and ipsilateral stroke occurred after 7 months. μProgression: worsening of stenosis by 1 or more grade on final MRA compared to the baseline MRA. Regression: improvement of stenosis by 1 or more grade.
*Rate of stroke in patients with carotid siphon or MCA stenosis. ¥Ischemic stroke or brain hemorrhage. ∧Ischemic stroke. ††Ischemic stroke in the territory of stenotic artery. ¶Disabling or fatal ischemic stroke.
***Ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from vascular causes other than stroke. ∞Death from vascular causes.
**Death from nonvascular causes. ®Major hemorrhage. ®®Myocardial infarction.