Altered Hemodynamics Associated with Pathogenesis of the Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms

Figure 4

Magnetic resonance angiography ((a): BPAS image) and right vertebral angiogram ((b): ultra-early arterial phase, (c): early arterial phase, (d): slightly late arterial phase) showing retrograde inflow into the pseudolumen.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)