Trends in the Management of Intracranial Vascular Malformations in the USA from 2000 to 2007
Table 1
Univariate statistics.
Year
2000/2001
2002/2003
2004/2005
2006/2007
P
Total
Number of IVM-related admissions
58,051
Total number of admissions
73,605,206
76,024,680
77,825,620
78,992,164
306,447,670
Age, years (SD)
48.3 (17.1)
47.8 (17.4)
49.2 (17.2)
50.1 (17.3)
<0.001
48.9 (17.3)
Women (%)
51.5
51.8
51.7
54.2
<0.001
52.4
Admission type (%)
<0.001
Emergent
42
39.7
49.5
51
46
Urgent
18.1
18.3
15.6
15.9
16.9
Elective
39.9
41.8
34.5
32.8
37
Emergent and urgent
60.1
58
65.1
66.9
62.9
Disposition (%)
<0.001
Routine
74.7
77.5
74.1
72.8
74.7
Short-term hospital
5
3.7
4.1
4.6
4.4
Another type facility
13.4
11.2
11.9
13.4
12.5
Home health care
4.7
4.9
6.3
6.5
5.7
Against medical advice
0.3
0.6
1.1
0.8
0.7
Died
1.9
2
2.4
1.8
0.005
2
Bad outcome*
20.3
18.7
21.7
22.5
<0.001
20.9
Length of stay, days
5.9 (8.2)
5.4 (8.3)
5.4 (7.2)
5.4 (8.8)
<0.001
5.5 (8.2)
Number of diagnoses, any
4.9 (3.1)
5.2 (3.3)
5.9 (3.5)
6.8 (4.2)
<0.001
5.8 (3.6)
Number of procedures, any
2.0 (2.1)
1.9 (2.0)
1.8 (2.0)
2.0 (2.4)
<0.001
2.0 (2.2)
Race
<0.001
White
69.0
67.9
69.6
64.3
67.5
Black
10.9
12.1
12.1
12.4
11.9
Hispanic
11.9
13.0
12.0
15.6
13.2
Asian
4.7
3.3
3.0
3.4
3.6
Native American
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.1
0.5
Other
3.1
3.3
3.0
3.2
3.1
Specific diagnosis all ranks
Any ICrH
17.5
14.0
14.8
13.7
<0.001
14.9
SAH
5
4.0
4.3
4.5
0.001
4.4
ICH
11.9
9.2
9.5
8.4
<0.001
9.7
Other ICrH
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
0.068
1.6
Seizure
33.8
32.5
30.0
31.1
<0.001
31.8
Headache
7.1
7.8
10.1
11.7
<0.001
9.3
Acute ischemic stroke
5.9
6.1
7.2
7.9
<0.001
6.8
TIA
2.1
2.1
2.7
3.1
<0.001
2.5
Primary specific diagnosis only
72.1
71.6
66.5
65.2
<0.001
68.6
Any ICrH
12.6
9.3
11.4
9.4
<0.001
10.6
Seizure
5.7
5.1
5.6
7.0
<0.001
5.9
Headache
1.4
1.5
2.4
1.9
<0.001
1.8
Acute cerebral ischemia
2.4
2.4
3.5
4.1
<0.001
3.1
TIA
1.6
1.5
1.7
2.0
0.004
1.7
IVM
48.4
51.8
41.9
40.8
<0.001
45.5
Intracranial ICA aneurysm, unruptured
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.7
0.305
2.7
Procedures
Cerebral angiogram
39.7
38.8
34.8
34.9
<0.001
37.0
Embolization
—†
15.5
17.4
18.4
<0.001
13.4
Surgery
14.9
12.9
11.3
12.3
<0.001
12.8
Radiosurgery
2.5
3.3
1.4
0.7
<0.001
1.9
Aneurysm clipping
1.9
1.3
1.2
1.2
<0.001
1.4
Embolization, and surgery
0.1
1.2
1.6
2.5
<0.001
1.4
No procedure
80.1
68.6
70.8
70.2
<0.001
72.2
Mechanical ventilation, all durations
5.4
4.8
5.8
5.9
<0.001
5.5
<96 hours
3.2
2.5
3.4
3.9
<0.001
3.3
≥96 hours
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.0
0.057
2.3
*Death, another type facility, or home health care. †1%, misrepresentative figure, likely due to false or not coding. Standard deviation in parenthesis. Abbreviations: ICrH: intracranial hemorrhage, SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage, ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage, TIA: transient ischemic attack, IVM: intracranial vascular malformation, ICA: internal carotid artery.
