Trends in the Management of Intracranial Vascular Malformations in the USA from 2000 to 2007

Table 3

Univariate analyses: hemorrhage versus no hemorrhage and surgery versus no surgery.

N Group number		Hemorrhage (𝑛=6,144)			No hemorrhage (𝑛=51,098)		1 versus 2	P; 1a versus 1b	2a versus 2b
	All	Surgery	No Surgery	All	Surgery	No Surgery
	6,144	745	5,399	51,098	6,697	44,401
	1	1a	1b	2	2a	2b
Age	50.7 (17.1)	51.7 (16.6)	50.6 (17.2)	48.9 (17.3)	41.6 (13.9)	50.0 (17.5)	<0.001	0.094	<0.001
Female (%)	49.4	47.9	49.6	52.8	53.8	52.7	<0.001	0.404	0.092
Race (%)							<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
White	64.6	58.8	65.3	68.2	64.9	68.6
Black	13.5	14.7	13.4	11.6	8.4	12.1
Hispanic	13.8	13.9	13.8	13.1	17.9	12.4
Asian	4.1	6.4	3.8	3.5	4.4	3.4
Native Americ	0.2	0	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other	3.7	6.2	3.4	3.1	3.8	3
Admission (%)							<0.001	0.001	0.001
Emergent	66.7	60.5	67.5	43.1	10.3	47.1
Urgent	24.4	28.4	23.8	15.9	10.9	16.5
Elective	8.7	11.1	8.3	40.8	78.8	36.2
Emergent and Urgent	91.1	88.9	99.6	59	21.2	63.6
Number of diagnoses	6.7 (3.5)	7.5 (3.3)	6.6 (3.5)	5.6 (3.6)	4.2 (2.9)	5.8 (3.7)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Number of procedures	3 (2.9)	5.5 (3.1)	2.6 (2.7)	1.8 (1.9)	3.2 (2.3)	1.6 (1.7)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Diagnosis, any (%)
ICH	65.4	71.1	64.6	0	0	0	<0.001	<0.001
SAH	31.3	26.2	32	0	0	0	<0.001	0.002
Other ICrH	9.4	12.9	8.9	0	0	0	<0.001	0.001
Acute Ischemia	4.5	4	2.7	7.4	1.4	8.3	<0.001	0.053	<0.001
Seizure	19.4	17	19.7	33.7	33.4	33.7	<0.001	0.078	0.681
Headache	4.6	1.5	5	10	5.7	10.6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
ICA aneurysm, unruptured	3.1	2.7	3.1	2.6	2.4	2.7	<0.001	0.517	0.252
Angiogram	50.9	50.7	50.9	34.7	45.9	33.2	<0.001	0.937	<0.001
Embolization	7	8.2	6.9	14.3	11.6	14.7	<0.001	0.213	<0.001
Surgery	12.1	—	—	12.1	—	—	0.099	—	—
Radiosurgery	0.1	0	0.1	2.2	0.3	2.5	<0.001	0.405	<0.001
Aneurysm clipping	4.2	2.9	4.4	1	1.7	0.9	<0.001	0.065	<0.001
Ventilation, all durations	23.2	36.1	21.4	2.7	4.9	2.5	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Ventilation >95 h	11	22.6	9.3	0.9	2.4	0.7	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Length of stay (d)	10.4 (12.9)	16.4 (11.5)	9.6 (12.9)	4.6 (5.8)	6.8 (6.4)	4.3 (5.7)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Outcome (%)							<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Routine discharge	44.4	31.5	46.2	79.3	79.7	79.3
Short-term hospital	12.4	3.9	13.6	3.1	0.6	3.4
Other type facility	27.6	45.6	25.1	10.2	13.7	9.8
Home health care	5.4	7.1	5.2	5.7	4.7	5.8
Death	9.2	11.8	8.9	0.9	1.1	0.9
Unfavorable outcome	42.2	64.5	39.2	16.8	19.5	16.5
Charges mean ($)	71,151 (90,787)	14,0034 (123,099)	61,256 (80,452)	35,792 (46,033)	77,846 (68,618)	30,090 (38,675)		<0.001	<0.001
Charges sum ($)	414.8 Mill	102.6 Mill	312.3 Mill	1,717.4 Mill	539 Mill	1,380 Mill
Hospital Characteristics
Bed Size							0.01	<0.001	0.006
Small	39.4	40.3	39.3	40.1	40.4	40.1
Medium	26.2	32.4	25.4	28	26.1	28.2
Large	34.3	27.4	35.3	31.9	33.6	31.7
Location/Teaching							0.265	<0.001	0.001
Rural	43.6	51.8	42.5	42.4	43.4	42.2
Urban Non-Teaching	40.1	29.1	41.7	40.9	41.8	40.7
Urban Teaching	16.3	19.1	15.9	16.7	14.8	17
Hospital Region							0.088	<0.001	<0.001
NE	18.2	18.5	18.2	19.4	14.7	20.1
NW/NC	22	21.3	22.1	22.4	16	23.3
S	33.9	27.6	34.8	33.9	33.1	34
W	25.8	32.7	24.9	24.3	36.2	22.7

Standard deviation in parenthesis.
Abbreviations: ICrH: intracranial hemorrhage, SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage, ICA: internal carotid artery.