Depression Increases Stroke Hospitalization Cost: An Analysis of 17,010 Stroke Patients in 2008 by Race and Gender

Table 1

Age-adjusted stroke rates and characteristics by race and gender in 2008 (𝑛=17,010).

Variables	WF; 𝑛=7495	WM; 𝑛=6405	BF; 𝑛=1773	BM; 𝑛=1337	Total; 𝑛=17,010	Any stroke blacks; 𝑛=3110	Blacks; no stroke; 𝑛=65,595	Any stroke whites; 𝑛=13,900	Whites; no stroke; 𝑛=317,630
Stroke rate per 100 K	298.9	351.0	505.7	532.3	370.6	517.1	—	322.0	—
Age	73	69	64	61	70	63	49	77	57
MI%	3.8	4.2	3.6	5.3^+	4.1	4.3	3.1	4.0	4.4*
CHF%	19.5	17.9	20.1	21.3*	19.1	20.6*	14.5*	18.7	13.6
CHD%	31.7*	31.4	23.6	24.3	38.9	29.8	17.5	41.0	25.8*
At fib%	32*	31	24	24	30	24	13.0	32*	18.6*
Hyp%	85	84	92	92*	86	92*	54	84.5	52
Diabetes%	31	36	47*	42	36	45*	27.4	34	22.7
Chol%	15.8	17.3*	11.3	13.4	15.7	12.2	5.1	16.5*	8.2*
Dep/anx%	29.7*	19.8	18.3	11.0	23.3	15.2	10.7	25.1*	21.4*
Number of readmissions	1.11	1.12	1.13	1.13	1.12	1.13	1.6	1.11	1.5
Hop stk day	5.0	5.1	7.1	7.3	5.4	7.2*	—	5.0	—
Tot hos day	11.3	11.7	15.7	15.4	12.2	15.6*	8.6*	11.5	7.3
Average ischemic $	27,071	30,904	43,074*	38,710	31,460	41,120*	—	28,833	—
Average hemo. $	45,852	50,017	69,796*	60,586	51,211	64,643*	—	48,246	—
Average; Total stroke $^+	29,238	31,359	41,207	41,586*	32,255	41,370*	—	30,215	—
All 2008 admis $	52,877	59,403	74,589	74,006	59,259	74,338	45,892*	55,884	40,376

+Average cost for all strokes combined includes cost associated with ischemic + hemorrhagic + unspecified strokes + TIA; # is average number of admissions/hospital days; CHF: congestive heart failure; CHD: coronary heart disease; all costs are reported in averages. Average of all total 2008 cost includes cost combined for all admissions in 2008.
*Fisher’s exact test differences are significant between nonstroke black and white patients at 𝑃<0.001.