Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Ground Shock Coupling Factor for Near-Surface Detonations

<table>Experimental <svg height="17.4" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-4.15506pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.8125 17.4" width="16.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.975,17.2)"><path d="M457 332q0 -81 -41 -161.5t-105.5 -131.5t-129.5 -51q-46 0 -79 30.5t-33 86.5q0 18 7 51q18 95 46 187q6 19 6 33q0 7 -7 7q-24 0 -78 -64l-20 23q32 48 73 77t78 29q33 0 33 -46q0 -38 -10 -70q-28 -92 -39 -152q-7 -38 -7 -57q0 -78 69 -78q68 0 118 75.5t50 194.5
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</svg> based on peak particle velocity data.</table>

Shock and Vibration

fig11

Figure 11

Figure 11: Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Ground Shock Coupling Factor for Near-Surface Detonations 