Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Artery Disease

Table 2

HAS-BLED Score [1].

		Points
H	Hypertension	1
A	Abnormal renal and liver function; (1 point each)	1 or 2
S	Stroke	1
B	Bleeding	1
L	Labile INRs	1
E	Elderly (e.g., ≥65 years)	1
D	Drugs or alcohol (1 point each)	1 or 2
		max. 9

Hypertension: systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg. Abnormal kidney function: chronic dialysis or renal transplantation or creatinine ≥ 200 mmol/L. Abnormal liver function: chronic hepatic disease (e.g., cirrhosis) or biochemical evidence of significant hepatic derangement (e.g., bilirubin > 2x upper limit of normal, in association with aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase/alkaline phosphatase > 3x upper limit normal, etc.). Bleeding: previous bleeding history and/or predisposition to bleeding, for example, bleeding diathesis, anaemia, and so forth. Labile INRs: unstable/high INRs or poor time in therapeutic range (e.g., <60%). Drugs/alcohol use: concomitant use of drugs, such as antiplatelet agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or alcohol abuse, and so forth INR: international normalized ratio.