Roles of Mucosal Immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Table 1

Respiratory delivery of vaccine candidates against mycobacteria infection⁺.

Antigen	Delivery route and/or adjuvant	Tested species	Results or immune responses	Reference
Live rBCG	Delivered by intranasal (i.n.) route	Mice	Induce strong antibody responses	[100]
Live BCG	Delivered aerosol inhalation	Possum	Protection from M. bovis infection	[101, 102]
Live BCG	Delivered by i.n. route	Mice	Protection from H37Rv challenge	[103]
Live BCG	Delivered by i.n. route	Mice	Increase protective effect of BCG vaccine	[11]
Mtb cell wall MDP	Delivered by aerosol inhalation	Guinea pig	Activate alveolar macrophages	[104]
Killed BCG	Delivered in Eurocine L3 adjuvant via i.n. route	Mice	Induce high immune responses	[105]
ESAT-6 protein	Delivered by PLA microsphere via i.n. route	Mice	Induce specific immune responses	[106]
FbpA, HtpX	Intranasally delivered by an E. coli vector	Mice	Induce specific T-cell response and protection from Mtb challenge	[107]
Ag85A	Delivered with adenoviral and VSV vectors via i.n. route	Mice	Induce mucosal T-cell response	[108]
HSP65 (DNA)	Delivered by liposome via i.n. route	Mice	Induce strong cellular immune response	[109]
Ag85A, CFB10	Adenoviral vector via i.n. route	Mice	Induce specific immune response and protection from Mtb challenge	[33, 110, 111]
Ag85A	Delivered with Adenoviral and VSV vectors via i.n. route	Mice	Induce mucosal T-cell response	[108]
HSP65 (DNA)	Delivered by liposome via i.n. route	Mice	Induce strong cellular immune response	[109]
Ag85A, CFB10	Adenoviral vector via i.n. route	Mice	Induce specific immune response and protection from Mtb challenge	[33, 110, 111]
Ag85B, ESAT-6	Delivered by LTK63 vehicle via i.n. route	Mice	Increase anti-Mtb-specific CD4 T cells	[12]
Soluble mycobacterial antigens	Directly delivered by i.n. route	Mice	Restore antigen specific immune responses	[57]
ulticomponent subunits recombinant proteins of Mtb	Delivered with DDA-MPL vehicle via i.n. route	Mice	Induce strong antigen-specific T-cell responses	[112]
MPT51	Delivered by Lentiviral vector via intratracheal route	Mice	Induce MTP51-specific CD8 T cells and decrease the number of Mtb in lung following challenge	[113]

⁺ MDP: muramyl dipeptide; PLA: poly(lactide); VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus.