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TheScientificWorldJOURNAL
Volume 9 (2009), Pages 1031-1034
doi:10.1100/tsw.2009.115
Case Study

Unusual Case Report of Thrombotic Microangiopathy of the Small Bowel Following Liver Transplantation, a Possible Immunosuppressant-Induced Disease with Histological and Ultrastructural Findings

1Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
2Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Viale Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy

Academic Editor: Raj K. Goyal

Copyright © 2009 Domenico Piscitelli et al.

Abstract

Cyclosporin-A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK-506) are immunomodulating agents used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. They are both associated with several side effects, including nephrotoxicity and severe hypertension due to vascular injury, which often appears as a microvascular occlusive disorder (thrombotic microangiopathy, TMA). We report the first case of a microvascular occlusive disorder with the features of TMA in the small bowel of an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) patient after immunosuppressive therapy with CsA and FK506. The patient presented with severe recurrent abdominal colics and distal subocclusion, requiring aggressive surgical treatment. Histological and ultrastructural analysis of the resected specimen disclosed intestinal TMA. Although rare, such a complication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal colics in patients undergoing immunosuppressant therapy after OLT.