Tracheobronchial Manifestations of Aspergillus Infections

Table 3

Characteristics of 19 patients with ITBA and hematological malignancies reported between 1996 and 2010.

Author, publication’s year [ref]	Patient’s sex and age (years)	Underlying conditions	WBC (×10^9/L)	PMN (×10^9/L)	Classification	Species	Treatment	Outcome	Cause of death
Kuo et al. 1996 [91]	M, 44	Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, CHTH	0.7	0.3	Ulcerative and plaque-like tracheobronchitis	Aspergillus fumigatus	Amphotericin B followed by itraconazole	Survived
Sancho et al. 1997 [65]	M, 43	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CHTH	3.2	1.6	Multiple white nodules, inflammatory bronchial stenosis	Aspergillus sp.	Amphotericin B	Died	Disseminated aspergillosis, massive hemoptysis
Arriero et al. 1998 [67]	F, 64	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CHTH, diabetes	7.0	4.7	Pseudomembranous and obstructing tracheobronchitis	Aspergillus flavus	Amphotericin B	Died	Respiratory failure
Machida et al. 1999 [70]	F, 44	Chronic myelogenous leukemia	NA	5.0	Necrotic pseudomembranes	NA	Amphotericin B	Died	Respiratory failure
Ahn et al. 2000 [38]	M, 56	Acute myeloid leukemia, CHTH	0.3	NA	Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis	Aspergillus sp.	Amphotericin B	Died	Massive hemoptysis
Tasci et al. 2000 [92]	F, 54	Plasma cell myeloma, CHTH, autologous HSCT	NA	0.1	Multiple white plaques, pseudomembranes, mucous plugs	Aspergillus fumigatus	Amphotericin B	Died	Sepsis, respiratory failure
Van Assen et al. 2000 [69]	F, 56	Acute myeloid leukemia, CHTH, allogeneic HSCT, GvHD, immunosuppressive therapy	NA	NA	Plaques, ulcerations, pseudomembranes	Aspergillus fumigatus	Amphotericin B i.v. plus nebulization; → liposomal amphotericin B plus itraconazole	Died	Respiratory failure
Koh et al. 2000 [93]	M, 20	Leukemia, HSCT, GvHD, immunosuppresive therapy	NA	NA	Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis	Aspergillus fumigatus	NA	Died	Respiratory failure
Routsi et al. 2001 [94]	M, 60	Erythroleukemia, CHTH	Pancytopenia	NA	Bronchial obstruction by mass containing Aspergillus hyphae	Aspergillus fumigatus	Amphotericin B	Died	Septic shock
Buchheidt et al. 2003 [68]	F, 55	Hodgkin lymphoma, CHTH	3.0	2.6	Ulcerations, plaque-like lesions and pseudomembranes	Aspergillus fumigatus	Amphotericin B, → liposomal Amphotericin B	Survived
Irani et al. 2003 [39]	M, 40	Low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, allogeneic HSCT, severe GvHD, immunosuppressive therapy	NA	NA	Multiple papular and plaque-like, vascularized mucosal lesions	Aspergillus fumigatus	NA	NA
Routsi et al. 2004 [72]	F, 22	Lymphom, CHTH	0.21	NA	Pseudomembranes, bronchial obstruction	Aspergillus terreus	Liposomal amphotericin B plus voriconazole	Died	Respiratory failure
Tasci et al. 2006 [45]	M, 58	Plasma cell myeloma, CHTH	NA	0.4	Multiple circumscribed lesions, pseudomembranes	Aspergillus fumigatus	Liposomal amphotericin B	Died	Septic shock
	F, 64	Burkitts’ lymphoma, CHTH	Pancytopenia		Pseudomembranes	Aspergillus fumigatus	Amphotericin B	Died	Respiratory failure
	M, 34	Burkitts’ lymphoma, CHTH	NA	NA	Pseudomembranes	Aspergillus fumigatus	Amphotericin B plus caspofungin	Died	Initial improvement in ITBA but lymphoma progression, fatal intracranial bleeding
Onozawa et al. 2009 [95]	M, 49	Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma	NA	NA	Pseudomembranous cream-coloured plaques	Aspergillus fumigatus	Inhaled amphotericin B plus oral voriconazole	Survived
Casal et al. 2009 [71]	M, 65	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, allogeneic HSCT,	NA	4.0	Bronchial narrowing with necrotic and friable mucosa	NA	Liposomal amphotericin B plus posaconazole	Survived
Krenke et al. 2009 [66]	M, 63	Acute myeloid leukemia, CHTH	0.5	<0.1	Ulcerative lesions and pseudomembranes	Aspergillus sp.	Voriconazole	Died	Respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism
Patel et al. 2010 [17]	M, 73	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CHTH	15.9	NA	Plaques forming pseudomembranes, ulcerations	Aspergillus fumigatus	Voriconazole	Died	Respiratory failure

CHTH: antineoplastic chemotherapy, HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, GvHD: graft versus host disease, → change of the treatment regimen.