Simple Syllabic Calls Accompany Discrete Behavior Patterns in Captive Pteronotus parnellii: An Illustration of the Motivation-Structure Hypothesis

Figure 7

Echolocation and flying behavior in mustached bats. (a) A sketch showing the typical posture of roosting bat echolocating to inspect its surroundings. The amplitude envelope (above) and spectrogram (below) of the echolocation pulse are shown on the right. (b) A photograph of a bat (indicated by the white arrow) flying by a small cluster of bats roosting in an upside-down pot attached to the ceiling. Bats are viewed from below. Amplitude envelopes and spectrograms of the calls emitted during this behavior are shown in the two panels on the right. (c) A bar graph showing the frequency of occurrence of different call types during a fly-by.