Research Article

Simple Syllabic Calls Accompany Discrete Behavior Patterns in Captive Pteronotus parnellii: An Illustration of the Motivation-Structure Hypothesis

Table 1

A prediction success table generated from logistic regression of vocal activity against behavior (reproduced with permission from Cambridge University Press [26]). Numbers in the body of the table provide the classificatory power of the model and show how observations from each level of the dependent variable (call types) are allocated to predicted outcomes. The results provide an indication of the strong association of the different call types (columns) with specific behaviors (rows). The likelihood ratios are highly significant, and the specificity index ranges from 0.82 to 1.00.

Behavior/callrBNBfSFMbUFMTCFsdRFMsRFMQCFlNNBs

Crouch 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0
Mark 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yawn 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
Flick 1.6 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.7* 2.4* 0.0 0.3
Box/poke156.0**313.9**42.7**34.6** 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.0
Bite 11.1** 63.9** 4.5* 4.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kiss 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 5.1** 0.1
Inspect-1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 18.4** 0.0
Inspect-2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.3* 0.0
Fly 0.6 1.7 0.5 0.9 2.4** 3.4** 0.0 0.1

Likelihood ratio395.0**111.0**97.2**58.6**293.0**250.0**1084.0**67.5**
rho2 0.48 0.46 0.36 0.31 0.20 0.22 0.52 0.17
Specificity 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.85 0.90 0.82 0.97
Pearson 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.82 1.00