Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in Heavy Metal-Induced Neurotoxicity: Effects of Cadmium, Mercury, and Copper

Figure 1

Time- and dose-dependent response to Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ on PC12 cell viability assessed by LDH release. The results are expressed in % to corresponding control (*𝑃<0.05 compared to untreated control; 𝑛=4–9 independent experiments).

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