On the Origin of the Air between Multiple Tropopauses at Midlatitudes
Figure 3
Particle density (colour scale) and smoothed contours of averaged PV (isolines of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 PVU). In the upper panels (latitude-longitude representation), the black square on the right-hand side represents the region near Boulder where particles arrive at t0. In the lower panels (height-longitude representation), the rectangle represents a boundary of 5 degrees of longitude surrounding Boulder. The dotted black lines show the average heights of the first and second tropopauses. (a) Sum for the ten days before t0. (b) Similar to (a) but representing the maximum density for each degree of longitude.
