Table 5: Clinical results with the HELP-LDL apheresis system (B. Braun, Germany) (literature overview).

Year Authors Diagnosis HELP patients Drop out Therapy duration (years) Side effects (%) Outcome 1987 Eisenhauer et al. [18] FH, CHD 13 — 0.5–1.3 ? 13 improved 1988 Thiery et al. [19] FH, CHD 7 — 0.5–1.0 3.2 7 improved 1991 Seidel et al. [20] FH, CHD 51 5 1.0 2.9 46 improved 1993 Bosch et al. [21] FH, CHD ESRD 3 (HD) — 1.5 13.0 3 improved 1994 Schuff-Werner et al. [22] FH, CHD 51 12 2.0 2.8 39 improved 1997 Jaeger et al. [23] FH, CHD HTX 15 — 3.6 — 5 improved 1998 Mellwig et al. [24] FH, CHD 9 — ? — 8 improved 1999 Donner et al. [25] FH 4 — ? ? 4 improved 2000 Schettler et al. [26] FH, CHD 18 — >0.5 — 18 improved 2001 Moriarty et al. [27] FH 4 — 0.5 — 4 improved 2008 Wang [28] FH, CHD 22 — 1.0 — 22 improved

ESRD: end-stage renal disease and HTX: heart transplantation.