Grade 2 Spondylolisthesis at L4-5 Treated by XLIF: Safety and Midterm Results in the “Worst Case Scenario”

Table 4

Breakdown of spondylolisthesis reduction and 12-month pain (VAS) by demographic and treatment variables.

Grouping variable (𝑛)	Slip reduction from preoperative (%)			12-month VAS (mm)
	No	Yes	𝑃	No	Yes	𝑃
Gender (female/male)	67% (53)	75% (10)	0.228	2.2 (48)	2.1 (10)	0.933
Obese	68% (36)	68% (27)	0.925	2.1 (24)	2.2 (34)	0.840
Smoke	68% (47)	67% (16)	0.862	2.1 (44)	2.2 (14)	0.915
Diabetes mellitus	69% (54)	62% (9)	0.345	2.1 (50)	2.4 (8)	0.677
Coronary artery disease	68% (39)	68% (24)	0.934	1.9 (34)	2.5 (24)	0.249
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	69% (60)	56% (3)	0.273	2.2 (55)	2.3 (3)	0.856
Steroid use	67% (54)	76% (9)	0.149	2.1 (49)	2.2 (9)	0.916
Cancer	68% (56)	70% (7)	0.714	2.2 (52)	2.0 (6)	0.760
Prior surgery	69% (45)	66% (18)	0.680	2.1 (43)	2.3 (15)	0.800
Levels treated (1 or 2)	67% (49)	71% (11)	0.637	2.1 (44)	2.6 (11)	0.508
Unilateral versus bilateral fixation (uni/bi)	68% (53)	70% (8)	0.799	2.3 (49)	1.7 (7)	0.445
Satisfaction	49% (6)	70% (50)	0.011	5.7 (6)	1.7 (45)	0.016
Redo	43% (4)	70% (52)	0.008	5.3 (4)	1.8 (47)	0.041

VAS: visual analog scale, mm: millimeters, uni: unilateral, and bi: bilateral.