Monocytes Do Not Transdifferentiate into Proper Osteoblasts

Figure 5

Differentiation procedure activates and maturates monocytes. TRAP staining of giant cells (marked with →) occurring after differentiation treatment of PCMOs with medium containing vitamin D (a) and osteoclasts (b); magnification 200x. (c) Comparison of Alkaline phosphatase [μmol/min]-, TNF-alpha [pg/mL]-, TGF-beta [pg/mL], and RANKL-[pg/mL] levels normalized to SRB in PCMOs either isolated and differentiated in medium containing fetal calf or autologous serum (𝑁=5, 𝑛=3). Differentiation performed with osteogenic medium containing vitamin D (*𝑃<0,05; ***𝑃<0.001).

(a)

(b)

(c)