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HTS treatment | Patients sample or cells | Effect after HTS | Reference |
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7% HTS | Patients with CF | Higher FEV1 and FVC, less pulmonary exacerbations | Elkins et al. 2006 [24] |
3% HTS | Sputum of patients with CF | Surfactant protein A increased; neutrophil counts, Staphylococcus aureus and non-mucoid Pseudomonas slightly decreased. | Aitken et al. 2003 [54] |
Hypertonic medium | Human bronchial gland cells from CF and healthy controls (isolated from brushings) | Increased NaCl increased IL-8, but higher in CF cells (NF-κB pathway activated) | Tabary et al. 2000 [55] |
Hyperosmolarity (NaCl or mannitol, up to 6x normal) | Human bronchial epithelial cells | Increased IL-8 release via p38 and JNK pathway | Hashimoto et al. 1999 [56] |
4.5% HTS | Exhaled breath condensate of patients with asthma or COPD and healthy controls | Greater IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentration, lower pH. | Carpagnano et al. 2005 [57] |
Hypertonic medium | Peripheral blood neutrophils | HTS inhibited neutrophil priming of respiratory burst by LTB4 and arachidonic acid | Lee et al. 2011 [58] |
Hypertonic medium | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Reduced LPS induced mTOR pathway activation in HTS treated cells | Schaeffer et al. 2010 [59] |
7% HTS | Bronchial samples | Increased antioxidant levels in BAL fluid | Gould et al. 2010 [60] |
7% HTS | Sputum from patients with CF | Decreased IL-8 concentration in sputum after HTS | Reeves et al. 2011 [23] |
7% HTS | Sputum from patients with CF | LL-37 complexation to GAGs was decreased after HTS and antimicrobial properties of sputa restored | Bergsson et al. 2009 [21] |
2–7% HTS in culture medium | Pseudomonas strain PA01 and mucoid strain FRD1 | Reduced motility and growth of all strains tested | Havasi et al. 2008 [22] |
0–0.8 M NaCl added to medium | Pseudomonas strain PA01 and mucA mutant | MucA mutant less resistant to osmotic stress | Behrends et al. 2010 [67] |
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