Exclusive Breastfeeding and Other Foods in the First Six Months of Life: Effects on Nutritional Status and Body Composition of Brazilian Children
Table 5
Prevalence of BMI/A changes, percentage of total body fat, from the android region and waist circumference, and Crude odds ratio (interval of confidence of 95%) in accordance with feeding variables of children from 4 to 7 years, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 2010/11.
Variables
BMI/A (-score)
% of body fat1
% of fat of android region1
Waist circumference1
>+1 (%)
≤+1 (%)
OR (IC 95%)
value
≥P85 (%)
<P85 (%)
OR (IC 95%)
value
≥P85 (%)
<P85 (%)
OR (IC 95%)
value
≥P85 (%)
<P85 (%)
OR (IC 95%)
value
Energy derived from carbohydrates (%)
≤65
38 (21,8)
136 (78,2)
1,00
0,463*
25 (14,4)
149 (85,6)
1,00
1,000*
25 (14,4)
149 (85,6)
1,00
1,000*
27 (15,5)
147 (84,5)
1,00
0,372*
>65
1 (9,1)
10 (90,9)
0,36 (0,04–2,88)
1 (9,1)
10 (90,9)
0,59 (0,07–4,86)
1 (9,1)
10 (90,9)
0,59 (0,07–4,86)
0 (0,0)
11 (100,0)
—
Energy derived from lipids (%)
≤35
34 (22,2)
119 (77,8)
1,00
0,405
20 (13,1)
133 (86,9)
1,00
0,401
20 (13,1)
133 (86,9)
1,00
0,401
20 (13,1)
133 (86,9)
1,00
0,198
>35
5 (15,6)
27 (84,4)
0,65 (0,23–1,81)
6 (18,8)
26 (81,2)
1,53 (0,56–4,19)
6 (18,8)
26 (81,2)
1,53 (0,56–4,19)
7 (21,9)
25 (78,1)
1,86 (0,71–4,86)
Energy balance
Nonpositive
28 (21,7)
101 (78,3)
1,00
0,752
19 (14,7)
110 (85,3)
1,00
0,689
20 (15,5)
109 (84,5)
1,00
0,389
21 (16,3)
108 (83,7)
1,00
0,325
Positive
11 (19,6)
45 (80,4)
0,88 (0,40–1,93)
7 (12,5)
49 (87,5)
0,83 (0,32–2,09)
6 (10,7)
50 (89,3)
0,65 (0,24–1,73)
6 (10,7)
50 (89,3)
0,62 (0,23–1,62)
Frequency candy, lollipops, gums
<1 day/week
6 (28,6)
15 (71,4)
1,00
5 (23,8)
16 (76,2)
1,00
0,361
2 (9,5)
19 (90,5)
1,00
0,787
5 (23,8)
16 (76,2)
1,00
0,434
1–3 days/week
15 (21,1)
56 (78,9)
0,67 (0,23–2,02)
0,646
10 (14,1)
61 (85,9)
0,52 (0,15–1,75)
11 (15,5)
60 (84,5)
1,74 (0,35–8,56)
9 (12,7)
62 (87,3)
0,46 (0,13–1,58)
≥4 days/week
18 (19,4)
75 (80,6)
0,60 (0,20–1,76)
0,402**
11 (11,8)
82 (88,2)
0,43 (0,13–1,40)
0,202**
13 (14,0)
80 (86,0)
1,54 (0,32–7,42)
13 (14,0)
80 (86,0)
0,52 (0,16–1,66)
Frequency filled cookies
<1 day/week
7 (21,2)
26 (78,8)
1,00
0,428
4 (12,1)
29 (87,9)
1,00
4 (12,1)
29 (87,9)
1,00
0,022
***
4 (12,1)
29 (87,9)
1,00
0,000
****
1–3 days/week
14 (17,1)
68 (82,9)
0,76 (0,27–2,10)
6 (7,3)
76 (92,7)
0,57 (0,15–2,17)
0,022
***
6 (7,3)
76 (92,7)
0,57 (0,15–2,17)
4 (4,9)
78 (95,1)
0,37 (0,08–1,58)
≥4 days/week
18 (25,7)
52 (74,3)
1,28 (0,47–3,46)
16 (22,9)
54 (77,1)
2,14 (0,65–7,02)
16 (22,9)
54 (77,1)
2,14 (0,65–7,02)
19 (27,1)
51 (72,9)
2,70 (0,84–8,70)
Frequency chocolate milk
<1 day/week
10 (17,9)
46 (82,1)
1,00
5 (8,9)
51 (91,1)
1,00
6 (10,7)
50 (89,3)
1,00
0,337
6 (10,7)
50 (89,3)
1,00
0,348
1–3 days/week
6 (28,6)
15 (71,4)
1,84 (0,57–5,92)
0,588
6 (28,6)
15 (71,4)
4,08 (1,09–15,26)
0,087
5 (23,8)
16 (76,2)
2,60 (0,70–9,68)
5 (23,8)
16 (76,2)
2,60 (0,70–9,68)
≥4 days/week
23 (21,3)
85 (78,7)
1,24 (0,55–2,84)
15 (13,9)
93 (86,1)
1,64 (0,56–4,78)
15 (13,9)
93 (86,1)
1,34 (0,49–3,68)
16 (14,8)
92 (85,2)
1,45 (0,53–3,94)
Frequency fried foods
<1 day/week
5 (20,0)
20 (80,0)
1,00
0,858
4 (16,0)
21 (84,0)
1,00
0,355
4 (16,0)
21 (84,0)
1,00
0,355
4 (16,0)
21 (84,0)
1,00
0,540
1–3 days/week
23 (22,5)
79 (77,5)
1,16 (0,39–3,44)
17 (16,7)
85 (83,3)
1,05 (0,32–3,45)
17 (16,7)
85 (83,3)
1,05 (0,32–3,45)
17 (16,7)
85 (83,3)
1,05 (0,32–3,45)
≥4 days/week
11 (19,0)
47 (81,0)
0,94 (0,28–3,04)
5 (8,6)
53 (91,4)
0,49 (0,12–2,03)
5 (8,6)
53 (91,4)
0,49 (0,12–2,03)
6 (10,3)
52 (89,7)
0,60 (0,15–2,36)
Frequency soft drinks
<1 day/week
9 (21,4)
33 (78,6)
1,00
0,476
5 (11,9)
37 (88,1)
1,00
0,624
6 (14,3)
36 (85,7)
1,00
0,635
8 (19,0)
34 (81,0)
1,00
0,614
1–3 days/week
24 (19,4)
100 (80,6)
0,88 (0,37–2,08)
17 (13,7)
107 (86,3)
0,95 (0,35–2,60)
16 (12,9)
108 (87,1)
0,89 (0,32–2,44)
16 (12,9)
108 (87,1)
0,63 (0,25–1,60)
≥4 days/week
6 (31,6)
13 (68,4)
1,69 (0,50–5,71)
4 (21,1)
15 (78,9)
1,12 (0,25–5,07)
0,401**
4 (21,1)
15 (78,9)
1,60 (0,39–6,50)
3 (15,8)
16 (84,2)
0,80 (0,18–3,41)
BMI: body mass index; A: age; EBF: exclusive breastfeeding materno; OR: odds ratio; IC: interval of confidence; 1percentiles calculated between children from the sample by sex and age; values derived from Chi-square test; Fisher’s Exact* and linear tendency**; OR significant between ≥4 days/week with relation to a 1–3 days/week (OR: 3,75; IC 95%: 1,38–10,21)***; OR significant between ≥4 days/week in relation to 1–3 days/week (OR: 7,26; IC 95%: 2,33–22,60)****; values in bold represent statistical significance to include in the multivariate analyses ( 0,20).
