Exclusive Breastfeeding and Other Foods in the First Six Months of Life: Effects on Nutritional Status and Body Composition of Brazilian Children

Table 6

Values of Crude and adjusted odds ratio (intervals of confidence of 95%) in alternations of BMI/A percentage of body fat, total, and from the android region and waist circumference in accordance with different exclusive breastfeeding practices and consumption of other foods in the first 6 months of life of children from 4 to 7 years, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 2010/11.

Variables of child feeding	BMI/I (𝑧-score)^1				% of body fat^1				% of fat from the android region^2				Waist circumference^2
	OR Crude; (IC 95%)	OR adjusted^3 (IC 95%)	𝑃 value^3	𝑃 value*	OR Crude; (IC 95%)	OR adjusted^4 (IC 95%)	𝑃 value^4	𝑃 value*	OR Crude; (IC 95%)	OR adjusted^5 (IC 95%)	𝑃 value^5	𝑃 value*	OR Crude; (IC 95%)	OR adjusted^6 (IC 95%)	𝑃 value^6	𝑃 value*
Months in EBF
0	0,41; (0,14–1,19)	0,34; (0,09–1,26)	0,192	0,485	0,34; (0,09–1,27)	0,39; (0,08–1,74)	0,280	0,650	0,37; (0,38–1,78)	0,56; (0,13–2,30)	0,576	0,727	0,72; (0,24–2,15)	0,79; (0,18–3,40)	0,902	0,704
1–3	0,55; (0,24–1,23)	0,52; (0,19–1,37)			0,41; (0,15–1,10)	0,44; (0,13–1,43)			0,52; (0,10–1,37)	0,63; (0,22–1,81)			0,56; (0,21–1,48)	0,77; (0,23–2,57)
4–6	1,00	1,00	0,124**		1,00	1,00	0,077**		1,00	1,00	0,139**		1,00	1,00
Cow’s milk
Yes	0,80; (0,38–1,65)	0,67; (0,27–1,64)	0,383	0,750	0,55; (0,22–1,23)	0,47; (0,16–1,38)	0,171	0,720	0,67; (0,28–1,60)	0,58; (0,22–1,55)	0,279	0,472	0,91; (0,39–2,08)	0,76; (0,31–2,40)	0,780	0,383
No	1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00
Infant dairy formulas
Yes	0,65; (0,30–1,41)	0,83; (0,33–2,07)	0,697	0,613	0,95; (0,39–2,26)	0,88; (0,31–2,50)	0,813	0,859	1,66; (0,72–3,85)	1,77; (0,68–4,64)	0,241	0,210	1,28; (0,56–2,97)	1,61; (0,52–4,98)	0,409	0,185
No	1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00
Age of introduction of solid foods (months)
0–3	1,29; (0,56–2,94)	1,46; (0,53–4,04)	0,460	0,225	0,42; (0,12–1,49)	0,47; (0,12–1,87)	0,285	0,473	0,61; (0,20–1,89)	0,68; (0,18–2,48)	0,557	0,214	0,78; (0,28–2,23)	0,63; (0,16–2,46)	0,508	0,080
4–6	1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00			1,00	1,00

BMI: body mass index; A: age; EBF: exclusive breastfeeding; OR: odds ratio; IC: interval of confidence; ¹cutoff considered for change inscore-𝑧of BMI/A > +1; ²cutoff considered for change: percentile: ≥85, of the percentiles calculated among children of the sample by sex and age; 𝑃 values derived from Hosmer’s and Lemeshow’s test*; linear tendency**; ³adjustment by prégestational BMI, gestational weight gain, birth weight, sex, age at the moment of assessment, mother’s age, income per capita, and daily hours at school; ⁴adjustment per gestational weight gain, mother’s education, daily time at active play, frequency of consumption of filled cookies, and chocolate milk; ⁵adjustment per gestational weight gain, mother’s age, daily time watching TV, daily time at active play, and frequency of consumption of filled cookies; ⁶adjustment per prégestational BMI, gestational weight gain, mother’s age, income per capita, daily time at active play, energy derived from lipids, and frequency of consumption of filled cookies.