|
| Gene | Observation | Refs |
|
| Reduced SNCA methylation in the substantia nigra of PD patients | [72, 73] |
| α-synuclein sequesters DNMT1 from the nucleus resulting in aberrant DNA methylation | [79] |
| SNCA gene silencing mediated by histone modifications | [76] |
| α-synuclein binds to histones and inhibits histone acetylation | [81–83] |
| α-synuclein (SNCA) | Histone deacetylase inhibitors are neuroprotective against α-synuclein mediated neurotoxicity in PD animal models | [82, 84–90] |
| α-synuclein expression in C. elegans results in down-regulation of genes coding for histones | [91] |
| miR-10a, -10b, -212, -132, -495 were impaired in presymptomatic α-synuclein transgenic mice | [92] |
| miR-7 and mir-153 regulates α-synuclein levels | [93, 94] |
| miR-64 and mir-65 and let-7 were co-under-expressed in α-synuclein transgenic C. elegans | [95] |
|
| LRRK2 | Mutant LRRK2 antagonizes miR-184* and let7 in Drosophila PD models | [96] |
|
| parkin | let-7 family miRNAs let-7 were co-under-expressed in parkin transgenic C. elegans | [95] |
|
| PARK16/1q32, GPNMB, STX1B | Aberrant gene methylation observed in post-mortem PD brains | [68] |
|
| Tissue | Observation | Refs |
|
| PD brains | miR-133b was deficient in midbrain from PD patients | [97] |
|
| PD brains | miR-34b/c down-regulation was observed in pre-motor stages of PD and resulted in altered expression of DJ1 and parkin proteins | [98] |
|
| PD lymphocytes | Altered expression of miR-1, miR-16-2*, miR-22*, miR26a2*, miR29, miR30 | [99] |
|
| PD leukocytes | Altered methylation patterns of subtelomeric regions | [100] |
|
