Bioremediation of Parboiled Rice Effluent Supplemented with Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol Using Pichia pastoris X-33

Table 2

Removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus (P-PO₄₃₋), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) means in rice parboiled effluents after culture of P. pastoris X-33 in four different months.

Treatment	COD (mg·L^−1)			N-TKN (mg·L^−1)			P ( mg·L^−1)
	0 h	70 h	% reduction compared with control at 70 h	0 h	70 h	% reduction compared with control at 70 h	0 h	70 h	% reduction compared with control at 70 h
AP (control)	6422.7±1648.0	4646.0±1015.4	0.0^b	229.0±81.6	213.5±53.6	0.0^a	87.8±44.6	82.3±45.1	0.0^a
AP/G5	6300.8±2165.3	5747.6±3030.4	−23.7^a	204.7±66.0	188.1±32.7	11.9^a.b	67.5±10.0	55.8±29.1	32.2^b
AP/G15	6674.0±2003.6	5087.4±2318.6	−9.5^b	230.1±56.2	187.0±61.2	12.4^a.b	86.5±38.1	53.5±38.7	35.0^c
AP/B5	7002.6±2563.5	3922.3±1296.3	15.6^c	187.0±68.8	154.9±35.7	27.5^b.c	99.1±51.5	45.4±28.7	44.8^d
AP/B15	8051.9±2110.2	3572.8±954.0	23.1^c	245.6±48.4	135.0±54.5	36.8^c	98.1±51.7	47.1±29.9	42.7^d

AP: plain effluent from rice parboiled maceration tanks; AP/G5 supplemented with 5 g·L⁻¹ of p.a. glycerol.; AP/G15 with 15 g·L⁻¹ p.a. glycerol; AP/B5 with 5 g·L⁻¹ of biodiesel glycerol; AP/B15 with 15 g·L⁻¹ of biodiesel glycerol. Different superscripts letters mean significant differences after 70 h of culture (α = 0.05).