Cation Dependence, pH Tolerance, and Dosage Requirement of a Bioflocculant Produced by Bacillus spp. UPMB13: Flocculation Performance Optimization through Kaolin Assays

Table 1

Statistical analysis for flocculating activity with different cation treatments added with UPMB13 bioflocculant.

Cations	Flocculating activity (%)	𝑃value^∗	Homogenous subset**
NaCl	78.5 ± 1.95	𝑃≤0.05	c
CaCl2	87.2 ± 0.53	𝑃>0.05	d
MgCl2	85.2 ± 2.19	𝑃>0.05	d
AlCl3	62.5 ± 3.55	𝑃≤0.05	b
FeSO4	34.8 ± 6.20	𝑃≤0.05	a

^*The mean difference between groups is significant at 0.05 level.
^**Homogenous subset is in ascending manner from lowest to the highest mean value.