Subcutaneous Administration of Tramadol after Elective Surgery Is as Effective as Intravenous Administration in Relieving Acute Pain and Inflammation in Dogs

<table>Mean serum IL-6 concentrations for the IV and SC groups at different sampling times after tramadol administration (<svg height="10.9125" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 10.9125" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑃</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0">1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>).</table>

The Scientific World Journal

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Subcutaneous Administration of Tramadol after Elective Surgery Is as Effective as Intravenous Administration in Relieving Acute Pain and Inflammation in Dogs 

Figure 4 | Subcutaneous Administration of Tramadol after Elective Surgery Is as Effective as Intravenous Administration in Relieving Acute Pain and Inflammation in Dogs 