Subcutaneous Administration of Tramadol after Elective Surgery Is as Effective as Intravenous Administration in Relieving Acute Pain and Inflammation in Dogs
Table 1
Reaction times in the analgesiometer test demonstrate a progressive decrease in the mechanical pain threshold for dogs that received tramadol via both routes, indicating comparable increases in pain perception over time. The results are listed as the mean ± SD.
Time (hr) before (0) tramadol administration and after recovery from anesthesia
