Associations between Pathological Gambling and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Help-Seeking Populations in Hong Kong

Table 5

Lifetime and current psychiatric disorder and demographic predictors of gambling severity.

Variables	Lifetime psychiatric disorders (𝑁=128)		Current psychiatric disorders (𝑁=90)
	Beta	P	Beta	P
Presence of lifetime psychiatric disorder	0.239**	0.001	0.300***	0.000
Age (20 or below as reference)
21–30	0.094	0.741	0.138	0.622
31–40	0.271	0.412	0.304	0.350
41–50	0.282	0.445	0.344	0.342
50 or above	−0.174	0.052	−0.188	0.033
Gender (male as reference)
Female	0.129	0.102	0.100	0.196
Marital status (single as reference)
Married or cohabitated	−0.050	0.571	−0.041	0.642
Divorced or separated or widowed	−0.014	0.874	−0.034	0.693
Education (lower secondary school or below as reference)
Upper secondary school	−0.197*	0.040	−0.183	0.052
Sixth form or above	−0.106	0.288	−0.090	0.361
Economic status (employed as reference)
Retired/homemaker/student	0.036	0.722	−0.032	0.708
Unemployed	0.206	0.732	0.016	0.876
Income (5,000 or below as reference)
5,001–10,000	0.206	0.087	0.190	0.106
10,001–15,000	0.170	0.180	0.159	0.199
15, 001 or above	0.239	0.085	0.192	0.156
	Adjusted 𝑅^2=0.073; 𝐹(15,185)=2.048*		Adjusted 𝑅^2=0.104; 𝐹(15,185)=2.543**

Note. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001. Beta is the standardized regression coefficient.