Table 1: Diseases and disorders that cause decreases in human* melatonin secretion independently of apparent tissue destruction in SCN or pineal gland.

Disease/disorder Comments References Schizophrenia Only in a subpopulation [57, 58] Multiple sclerosis with major depression In major depression alone, mostly phase shifts instead of decreases [59–62] Primary obsessive-compulsive disorder [63] Menière’s disease Relationship to stress by tinnitus and vertigo? [64] Fibromyalgia Studied in women [65–67] Pain reduced by melatonin [67–69] Migraine [70, 71] Critical illness [72–74] Endometrial cancer [75] Nonsmall cell lung cancer In part caused by pain? [76] Acute intermittent porphyria Further decreased by seizures [77, 78] Diabetes type 2 [79, 80]

*For preclinical findings of these and other diseases or respective animal models see [3].