Frequency and Associated Factors for Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Frequency of anxiety and depression by sociodemographic, obstetric, family relationships, and home environment characteristics.

Factor		Anxiety or depression status				All
		Normal	Only anxious	Only depressed	Both anxious and depressed
Age group (in years)
Below 30	𝑛	40	26	20	31	117
	%	34.2%	22.2%	17.1%	26.5%	70.1%
30 and above	𝑛	10	8	8	24	50
	%	20.0%	16.0%	16.0%	48.0%	29.9%
Ethnicity
Urdu	𝑛	38	31	21	41	131
	%	29.0%	23.7%	16.0%	31.3%	78.4%
Other	𝑛	12	3	7	14	36
	%	33.3%	8.3%	19.4%	38.9%	21.6%
Level of education
Up to intermediate	𝑛	16	10	8	16	50
	%	32.0%	20.0%	16.0%	32.0%	29.9%
Graduate and above	𝑛	34	24	20	39	117
	%	29.1%	20.5%	17.1%	33.3%	70.1%
Woman working status
Working	𝑛	12	10	4	13	39
	%	30.8%	25.6%	10.3%	33.3%	23.4%
Housewife	𝑛	38	24	24	42	128
	%	29.7%	18.8%	18.8%	32.8%	76.6%
Number of people living in the house
Up to 5	𝑛	32	17	12	31	92
	%	34.8%	18.5%	13.0%	33.7%	55.1%
More than 5	𝑛	18	17	16	24	75
	%	24.0%	22.7%	21.3%	32.0%	44.9%
Total pregnancies
Below 3	𝑛	32	26	18	29	105
	%	30.5%	24.8%	17.1%	27.6%	62.9%
3 and above	𝑛	18	8	10	26	62
	%	29.0%	12.9%	16.1%	41.9%	37.1%
Total live births
None	𝑛	25	20	6	23	74
	%	33.8%	27.0%	8.1%	31.1%	44.3%
At least one	𝑛	25	14	22	32	93
	%	26.9%	15.1%	23.7%	34.4%	55.7%
Adverse pregnancy outcome
No	𝑛	40	22	22	31	115
	%	34.8%	19.1%	19.1%	27.0%	68.9%
Yes	𝑛	10	12	6	24	52
	%	19.2%	23.1%	11.5%	46.2%	31.1%
Willingness of pregnancy
Yes	𝑛	45	31	26	50	152
	%	29.6%	20.4%	17.1%	32.9%	91.0%
No	𝑛	5	3	2	5	15
	%	33.3%	20.0%	13.3%	33.3%	9.0%
Ever used family planning methods
Yes	𝑛	14	8	10	15	47
	%	29.8%	17.0%	21.3%	31.9%	28.1%
No	𝑛	36	26	18	40	120
	%	30.0%	21.7%	15.0%	33.3%	71.9%
Intention of using FP methods
Yes	𝑛	26	20	14	28	88
	%	29.5%	22.7%	15.9%	31.8%	52.7%
No	𝑛	20	8	8	21	57
	%	35.1%	14.0%	14.0%	36.8%	34.1%
Have not planned yet	𝑛	4	6	6	6	22
	%	18.2%	27.3%	27.3%	27.3%	13.2%
Could decide about FP method use
Yes	𝑛	13	9	9	12	43
	%	30.2%	20.9%	20.9%	27.9%	25.7%
No	𝑛	26	13	10	29	78
	%	33.3%	16.7%	12.8%	37.2%	46.7%
Both will take decision	𝑛	11	12	9	14	46
	%	23.9%	26.1%	19.6%	30.4%	27.5%
Ever self-treated or any family member for psychiatric disorder
No	𝑛	45	30	24	43	142
	%	31.7%	21.1%	16.9%	30.3%	85.0%
Yes	𝑛	5	4	4	12	25
	%	20.0%	16.0%	16.0%	48.0%	15.0%
Satisfied with life
Yes	𝑛	50	31	27	44	152
	%	32.9%	20.4%	17.8%	28.9%	91.0%
No	𝑛	0	3	1	11	15
	%	.0%	20.0%	6.7%	73.3%	9.0%
Worried about household environment
Yes	𝑛	10	8	7	19	44
	%	22.7%	18.2%	15.9%	43.2%	26.3%
No	𝑛	40	26	21	36	123
	%	32.5%	21.1%	17.1%	29.3%	73.7%
Ever seek help for reducing worry
Yes	𝑛	45	30	22	47	144
	%	31.3%	20.8%	15.3%	32.6%	86.2%
No	𝑛	5	4	6	8	23
	%	21.7%	17.4%	26.1%	34.8%	13.8%
Household decision maker
Self or husband	𝑛	19	8	14	18	59
	%	32.2%	13.6%	23.7%	30.5%	35.3%
In laws	𝑛	7	12	10	15	44
	%	15.9%	27.3%	22.7%	34.1%	26.3%
Combined	𝑛	24	14	4	22	64
	%	37.5%	21.9%	6.3%	34.4%	38.3%
Domestic violence
Yes	𝑛	43	29	21	39	132
	%	32.6%	22.0%	15.9%	29.5%	79.0%
No	𝑛	7	5	7	16	35
	%	20.0%	14.3%	20.0%	45.7%	21.0%