Relation of Secondhand Smoking to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Inpatients

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to the cognitive levels.

	Dementia (𝑛=124)	MCI (𝑛=98)	C (𝑛=711)
Age (years)	81.0±6.2^∗‡	76.9 ± 6.5	75.5 ± 6.9
Gender (female)	83 (69.9%)	65 (66.3%)	391 (54.9%)
Instruction (years)	3.2±3.7^†‡	5.2 ± 4.0	5.6 ± 2.9
Mini mental state examination	16.2±5.0^†‡	24.4 ± 1.5^§	27.0 ± 1.8
Clinical dementia rating scale	1.4±1.1^†‡	0.5^§	0
Activities of daily living	3.5±2.0^†‡	5.1 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.0
Instrumental activities of daily living	2.5±2.1^†‡	5.9 ± 2.3	6.2 ± 2.2
Cumulative illness rating scale severity	1.8 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.5	1.5 ± 0.7
Cumulative illness rating scale comorbidity	2.5 ± 1.5	2.4 ± 1.7	2.7 ± 1.5
Geriatric depression scale	6.0 ± 4.4	5.1 ± 3.1	5.7 ± 3.0
Mini-nutritional assessment	18.3±4.7^∗‡	20.4 ± 4.0	20.9 ± 3.5

Mean ± standard deviation and frequency (%) are reported. The ANOVA post hoc for multiple comparison analysis confirmed the statistical significance of the 𝑃 values.
* Dementia versus MCI 𝑃<0.05; ^†Dementia versus MCI 𝑃<0.001; ^‡ Dementia versus C 𝑃<0.001; ^§MCI versus C 𝑃<0.001.