Potential sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their effects on cardiac function. Cytp450: cytochrome p450, NOS: nitric oxide synthase, PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor, ASK-I: apoptosis-regulating signal kinase, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases, NFκB: nuclear factor κB, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase, AngII: Angiotension II, ATIR: Angiotension I receptor, and SERCA: sarcoplasmic endoplasmin reticulum calcium ATPase.