Mechanisms Underlying the Osteo- and Adipo-Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Table 2

Osteogenic differentiation factors.

Protocols	Reference
0.01 μM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 50 μM ascorbate-2-phosphate, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate	[26, 113]
10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.1 mM ascorbic acid, 1 μM dexamethasone and a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF)	[80]
50 μg/mL ascorbic 2 phosphate, 10^−8mM dexamethasone and 10 mM β-glycerol-phosphate and Matrigel	[92]
3D type I collagen matrices and 10% or 12% uniaxial cyclic tensile strain at 1 Hz for 4 h/day	[93]
Artificial extracellular matrices containing collagen and chondroitin sulfate with hydrostatic pressure (HP)	[81]