Research Article
Correlates of HIV Risk Reduction Self-Efficacy among Youth in South Africa
Table 3
Association between individual, social and structural variables, loveLife exposure, and high self-efficacy.
| | | Men | Women | | | UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| | Sociodemographics | | | | | | Education | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 1.07 (0.78–1.46) | 1.27 (0.99–1.62) | 1.16 (0.82–1.64) | | Student | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Employed | 2.35 (0.79–6.96) | 2.03 (0.62–6.01) | 0.75 (0.35–1.58) | 0.66 (0.22–1.95) | | Unemployed | 0.72 (0.49–1.07) | 0.67 (0.33–1.37) | 1.13 (0.59–2.18) | 1.33 (0.60–2.94) | | Poverty index | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | | Knowledge | | | | | Knows person living with
HIV and/or died from AIDS | | | | | | 0 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | 1 knows PLHIV or died from AIDS | 0.41 (0.12–1.40) | | 0.97 (0.54–1.77) | | | 2 knows PLHIV and died from AIDS | 0.72 (0.45–1.15) | | 0.72 (0.37–1.39) | | | Have been tested for HIV ever? | 2.38 (1.41–4.02)*** | 2.54 (1.38–4.67)** | 0.88 (0.55–1.40) | — | | Contraceptive knowledge | 1.11 (0.75–1.65) | — | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | — |
| | Prior sexual experiences | | | | | | Early sex (<15) | 2.72 (0.72–10.2) | — | 0.94 (0.36–2.44) | — | | Ever forced sex | 0.62 (0.10–3.91) | — | 0.31 (0.11–0.86)* | 0.27 (0.03–2.03) | | Concurrent sexual partners | 0.23 (0.12–0.47)*** | 0.28 (0.12–0.65)** | 0.30 (0.11–0.84)* | 0.49 (0.16–1.51) | | Sex with much older partner | 0.34 (0.11–1.12) | — | 0.72 (0.45–1.17) | — | | Transactional sex partner in lifetime | 0.10 (0.05–0.20)*** | 0.10 (0.03–0.29)*** | 0.09 (0.03–0.27)*** | 0.70 (0.17–2.83) | | Outcome expectancies | | | | | | Low HIV risk perception | 1.41 (1.13–1.76)** | 1.45 (1.04–2.02)* | 1.85 (1.47–2.34)*** | 2.26 (1.25–4.09)** | Beliefs condom use is a sign of not trusting
the partner | 0.79 (0.42–1.46) | — | 0.66 (0.36–1.20) | — |
| | Sociostructural factors | | | | | | Talked to partner about condom use in the past 12 months | 2.50 (1.25–5.00)** | 1.21 (0.46–2.75) | 2.93 (1.55–5.53)*** | | | HIV communication | 1.07 (0.89–1.30) | — | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | — | | Peer pressure | | | | | | Low | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Medium | 0.35 (0.14–0.87) | | 0.68 (0.40–1.15) | 0.93 (0.51–1.67) | | High | 0.23 (0.05–1.13) | | 0.28 (0.14–0.55)*** | 0.89 (0.33–2.30) | | Difficulty of getting condoms | 0.60 (0.37–0.97)* | 0.60 (0.38–0.98)* | 0.81 (0.63–1.03) | — | Agreed with statement “It is acceptable to have sex with my sex partner even though my partner does not want to.”
(Acceptable to have coerced sex) | 0.23 (0.08–0.67)** | 0.26 (0.07–0.98)* | 0.76 (0.23–2.49) | — | | HIV/AIDS stigma | 0.68 (0.25–1.82) | — | 0.24 (0.11–0.50)*** | 0.20 (0.06–0.64)** | | High relationship control | 0.46 (0.27–0.79)** | 0.24 (0.10–0.58)** | 1.10 (0.72–1.69) | — | | Hazardous or harmful drinking (AUDIT > 4) | 0.70 (0.44–1.14) | — | 0.70 (0.21–2.33) | — | | Current tobacco use | 0.48 (0.27–0.87)* | 0.58 (0.26–1.28) | 0.60 (0.13–2.64) | — | | Ever drugs | 0.35 (0.18–0.66)*** | 0.45 (0.17–1.31) | 0.10 (0.03–0.39)*** | 0.12 (0.02–0.74)* |
| | Goals | | | | | | Has life goals | 2.78 (0.98–7.86) | — | 1.85 (1.16–2.96)* | 2.98 (1.16–7.63)* |
| | Programme exposure | | | | | | One year or more loveLife participation | 0.85 (0.43–1.71) | — | 1.15 (0.63–2.08) | — | | loveLife face-to-face participation | | | | | | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | | 1-2 | 0.42 (0.22–0.81)** | 0.38 (0.16–0.89)* | 0.48 (0.14–1.72) | | | 3-4 | 0.87 (0.30–2.47) | 0.50 (0.22–1.13) | 0.62 (0.22–1.74) | | | 5 or more | 1.70 (0.47–6.20) | 2.11 (0.46–9.59) | 0.81 (0.28–2.33) | | | loveLife multimedia programme exposure | | | | | | 0-1 | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | | 2–4 | 0.88 (0.40–1.90) | | 0.63 (0.34–1.17) | | | 5–9 | 0.70 (0.37–1.34) | | 1.33 (0.54–3.25) | |
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***; **; *.
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