Application of Hyphenated Techniques in Speciation Analysis of Arsenic, Antimony, and Thallium

Table 2

Selected examples of application of hyphenated techniques in antimony speciation.

Analytes	Analytical column	Mobile phase	Method of separation and detection	Matrix	Reference
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	15 mM HNO3	HPLC- ICP-MS	Plants	[74]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Develosil C30-UG-5, Chemcosorb 7SAX	Malonic acid, sodium, 1-butylosulfonian, ammonium citrate, methanol	HPLC- ICP-MS	Biological and environmental samples	[35]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP-X100, Dionex AS 14, AG 14	20 mM EDTA	HPLC- ICP-MS	Urine	[75, 76]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	Phthalic acid, EDTA	HPLC- ICP-MS	Soil	[77, 78]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	10 mM EDTA, 1 mM phthalic acid	HPLC- ICP-MS	Airborne particulate matter	[79, 80]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2, TMS(OH)2	Hamilton PRP-X100, Asahipak GS520HG	10 mM TMAH	HPLC-ICP-MS	Airborne particulate matter	[81, 82]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	10 mM EDTA, 1 mM phthalic acid	HPLC-ICP-MS	Soils	[77, 78]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP X-100	50 mM diammonium tartrate, 20 mM KOH	IC-HG-AFS, HPLC-ICP-MS	Plant extracts	[83]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Silica-based solid-phase extraction cartridges	Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate	SPE-ICP-MS	Water	[84]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP X-100	20 mM EDTA	HPLC-ICP-MS	Soil	[85]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP X-100	10 mM EDTA, 1 mM phthalic acid	HPLC-ICP-MS	Thirteen fractions of airborne particulate matter	[86]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+,	Dimercaptosuccinic acid chemically modifying mesoporous titanium dioxide microcolumn	Water	SPE-ICP-OES	Natural waters	[87]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2, TMS(OH)2	Hamilton PRP-X100, Hamilton PRPX-200, Supelcosil LC-SCX, Hamilton PRP1, Phenomenex Intersil 5 ODS	KH2PO4/K2HPO4 0.5–5 mM, KHCO3/K2CO3 1–50 mM, pyridine, 2,6 dicarboxylic acid (PDCA): 5–20 mM EDTA, 5–50 mM HNO3, 1–4 mM, ethylenediamine	HPLC-ICP-MS, HPLC-FAAS	Environmental samples	[88]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Dionex AS14	2 mM NH4HCO3, 2.2–45 mM tartaric acid	HPLC-ICP-MS	Fish extracts	[89]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	—	Chloranilic acid (2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihy-droxy-1,4-benzoquinone)	HMDE	Water	[90]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, MMSb^4+, DMSb^3+, TMSb^2+	Teflon tube packed with SE-30 on Chromosorb W-HP	Liquid nitrogen	HG-SPE-ICP-MS	Surface waters	[91]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	—	40 mM thioglycolic acid	SPE-ICP-OES, SPE-ICP-MS	Water, yeast extract	[92]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	20 mM EDTA,; 2 mM KHP	HPLC-ICP-MS	Waters	[93]
Sb^3+, Total Sb	—	l-cysteine, hydrochloric acid	HG -AFS	Herbs	[94]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	—	H2O, 0.05 M EDTA, 0.25 M H2SO4	HG -AFS	Soil	[95]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	10 mM EDTA, 1 mM phthalic acid	HPLC-ICP-MS	Moat water	[79, 80]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	20 mM EDTA,; 2 mM KHP	HPLC-ICP-MS	Citrus juices Mineral water	[96]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	5 mM HNO3	HPLC-ICP-MS	Cell extracts	[74]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP-X100	20 mM EDTA,; 2 mM KHP	HPLC-HG-AFS	Sea water,	[97]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+,	Hamilton PRP-X100	EDTA 2–20 mM	HPLC-ICP-MS, FI-HG-ICP-MS	Biological samples	[98]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Dionex AS15/AG15	20 mM EDTA, NH4OH, 1 mM EDTA	HPLC-ICP-MS	Pteris vittata samples
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Microcolumn with immobilized aminoacid	HCl	HG-ICP-OES	Urine	[99]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	200 mM diammonium tartrate	HPLC-HG-AFS	Airborne particulate matter	[100]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP-X100	20 mM EDTA + 2 mM potassium hydrogen phthalate, 50 mM diammonium hydrogen phosphate	HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS	Algae and mollusk extracts	[101]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbO	Hamilton PRP-X100	2 mM phthalic acid 2 mM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid	HPLC-ICP-MS, HPLC-ICP-OES	Surface water, soil extracts	[102]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP-X100	EDTA-K2HPO4 20 mM	HPLC-HG-AFS	Sediments	[103]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP-X100	20 mM EDTA, 8 mM KHP 1 mM K2CO3	HPLC-HG-AFS	Environmental samples	[104]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	250 mM diammonium tartrate, 20 mM KOH	HPLC-ICP-MS	Volcanic ash	[105]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	—	1.5 M HAc, 0.5 M H2SO4	FIA-HG-AAS	Biological samples	[106]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	CETAC ION-120 Dionex AS 14	2 mM NH4HCO3, 1 mM tartaric acid, 1.25 mM EDTA	HPLC-ICP-MS	Tap water	[75, 76]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	—	5.0*10^−5M BPHA, Triton X-114 (0.20% (v=v))	SPE-FAAS	Water	[107]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP-X100	20 mM EDTA, 2 mM KHP, 50 mM (NH4)2HPO4	HPLC-HG-AFS	Sea water	[97]
Sb^3+, Total Sb	—	—	HS-SDME-ETAAS	Lake water, soils	[108]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	Hamilton PRP-X100, Dionex AS4A-SC	12 mM tetra-methylammonium hydroxide 3 mM tetra-methylammonium hydroxide	HPLC-ICP-MS	Environmental samples	[109]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Dionex AS 14, AG 14	2 mM ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 2.2 mM tartaric acid, 2 mM ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 45 mM tartaric acid,	HPLC-ICP-MS	Synthetic samples	[110]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	250 mM diammonium tartrate, 20 mM KOH	HPLC-HG-AFS, HPLC-ICP-MS	Coal fly ash	[111]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Synchropak Q300	5 mM EDTA, 2 mM phthalic acid	HPLC-ICP-MS	Tap water	[81, 82]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Hamilton PRP-X100	20 mM EDTA, 2 mM phthalic acid	HPLC-ICP-MS,; HPLC-ESI-MS	Yoghurt, juice, urine	[112]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+ TMSbCl2	Phenomenex SAX-SB	100 mM ammonium tartrate	HPLC-ICP-MS	Synthetic solutions	[113]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+, TMSbCl2	ION-120, Supelcosil SAX Hamilton PRP-X100, Dionex AS 14, Dionex AS 9	NH4HCO3, EDTA, Tartaric acid	HPLC-HG-AAS	Environmental samples	[114]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	Supelcosil LC-SAX 1	50 mM ammonium tetrate	HPLC-HG-AAS	Water	[115]
Sb^3+, Sb^5+	—	3 g/L L-cysteine	HG-ICP-AES	Spiked water samples	[116]