Life-Cycle-Based Multicriteria Sustainability Evaluation of Industrial Parks: A Case Study in China

Table 1

Sustainability evaluation indicators in the multicriteria scheme.

Categories	Stages	Indicators	Units	Explanation
		Greenhouse gas emission density	kg CO2 eq/m^2	The greenhouse gas emission in the construction phase divided by construction area.
Environmental	Construction	The greening rate	%	The proportion of green land to the total construction area of industrial parks.
	Operation	Greenhouse gas emission intensity	kg CO2 eq/$	The greenhouse gas emission in the operation phase divided by economic output.
	Dismantling	Greenhouse gas emission removal rate	%	The greenhouse gas emission avoided by material recycling divided by total greenhouse gas emission in the construction and operation stages.
	Construction	Energy density	J/m^2	Energy consumption per construction area in the construction phase.
Resource		Water recycling rate	%	The proportion of reused water to total water consumption.
	Operation	Energy intensity	J/$	Energy consumption per economic output in the operation phase.
	Dismantling	Energy reduction rate	%	Energy recycled in the dismantling phase divided by total embodied energy consumption.
Economic	Construction	Investment per area	$/m^2	All expenses that support the construction of the industrial parks per built-up area.
	Operation	Economic output per area	$/m^2	Economic output produced by settled enterprises per m^2.